[14460] in Public-Access_Computer_Systems_Forum
Current Cites, July 2002
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (CITES Moderator)
Wed Jul 31 19:12:08 2002
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2002 11:39:43 -0700
From: CITES Moderator <citeschk@LIBRARY.BERKELEY.EDU>
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Current Cites
Volume 13, no. 7, July 2002
Edited by [2]Roy Tennant
The Library, University of California, Berkeley, 94720
ISSN: 1060-2356 -
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/2002/cc02.13.7.html
Contributors: [3]Charles W. Bailey, Jr., [4]Margaret Gross, [5]Terry
Huwe, [6]Shirl Kennedy, [7]Leo Robert Klein, [8]Margaret Phillips, Jim
Ronningen, [9]Roy Tennant
Editor's Note: This issue inaugurates a new infrastructure for
creating Current Cites based on XML. Cites are submitted by
contributors using a simple web form, which is processed by a CGI
script into individual XML files. The files are processed by an XSLT
stylesheet to produce the issue that we then put on the web in HTML.
But if that is all we intended to do, there would be no reason to do
it in XML. We are reengineering how we create and manage our citations
so that we can both make it easier to produce the publication as well
as add additional services. Some of these services may include
sophisticated searching abilities as well as alternate views. We try
to respond to the needs our readers, so if there is anything you would
like to see [10]let us know.
"[11]OCLC White Paper on the Information Habits of College Students"
(June 2002)
(http://www2.oclc.org/oclc/pdf/printondemand/informationhabits.pdf). -
Sparked by a desire to help academic libraries better serve the needs
of their students, OCLC commissioned an international web-based survey
of students who use the Internet. This ten-page report summarizes
their findings and raises some specific questions for discussion. If
you prefer to have a condensed version highlighting some of the
findings, The Chronicle of Higher Education profiled the stuy in a
[12]recent article
(http://chronicle.com/free/2002/07/2002071901t.htm). But you may miss
some of the more provocative questions the paper rather pointedly asks
librarians. - [13]RT
"[14]Building Digital Communities: Web-Wise 2002" [15]First Monday
7(5) (6 May 2002) (http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/). - The
May issue of First Monday reports on the Third Annual Conference on
Libraries and Museums in the Digital World, and includes several
papers presented at the conference. For anyone interested in the
points of intersection between print, visual and museum
collectionsdigital applications, one and allthis issue is very good
reading for boning up on the pulse of development. [16]Clifford
Lynch's keynote speech
(http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/lynch/) follows his usual
exhaustive style that both entertains and challenges the audience,
skewering ideologues and content purists. His principal focus is on
the maturation of broadband and its impact on long-term cultural
treasures. Current Cites alumnus [17]Rick Rinehart
(http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/rinehart/) joins the
California Digital Library's [18]Robin L. Chandler
(http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/chandler/) in assessing
the [19]Online Archive of California, an ambitious,
cross-institutional collaboration that is bringing several collections
and groups of developers together. [20]Timothy Cole
(http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_5/cole/) presents a
well-thought out framework for building good digital collections,
which gives substantial attention to the issues of integration and
aggregation among partners in development. The overall value of this
issue to librarians, particularly those who may not handle visual
collections, lies in the diversity of the offerings, and the common
ground shared when it comes to describing, analyzing and addressing
the challenges of long-term digital collection management and
preservation. - [21]TH
[22]Information Highways Magazine 9(4) (July-August 2002). - Casey,
Vicki "[23]People seeking information: e-content's human face" and
Hasulo, Susanne "[24]Defining information literacy". These two
articles address the usually forgotten component in the design,
instruction and application of knowledge management technology -
people. Human behaviour has been virtually forgotten by practitioners
of knowledge and content management. Ms Casey cites the work of Chun
Wei Choo, an associate professor at the University of Toronto. He
developed an interest in human factors, after working in corporations
where information systems were developed, but not used. His research
provides a most interesting analysis of how humans behave when
seeking, learning, and integrating information. Two online citations
conclude the article: [25]Closing the cognitive gaps: how people
process information. Chun Wei Choo, Financial Post and Financial Times
Information Management Mastering Series, Part 8 and [26]Information
seeking on the Web: an integrated model of browsing and searching.
Chun Wei Choo, Brian Detlor, Don Turnbull First Monday, May 13, 2002.
Hasulo's article complements Casey's by focussing on the flip side of
learning - training for information literacy. Most enterprises in
training their employees, concentrate on technologies. Employees are
then considered to be information literate, and fully capable of
contributing to business goals. Absent is the teaching of information
literacy that goes beyond technical mastery. Skills taught should
include those that allow the employee to assess, evaluate, make
lateral connections, and?rn data into knowledge. Thus information
literate employees become valuable to the corporation. - [27]MG
"Libraries and Electronic Resources: New Partnerships, New Practices,
New Perspectives" [28]Journal of Library Administration 35(1/2)
(2001). - This special issue edited by Pamela L. Higgins includes a
wide range of articles on how libraries are publishing, collecting,
and providing access to electronic resources. Articles on the Open
Archives Iniatiative, BioOne, university presses and libraries,
Project Euclid, the Open eBook Forum, the Canadian National Site
Licensing Project, eScholarship, and a number of other projects pack
this 217 page issue. However, given the long production period for
Haworth journals, these articles should be considered mostly of
historical interest. - [29]RT
Addis, Matthew, Paul Lewis, Kirk Martinez. "[30]ARTISTE image
retrieval system puts European galleries in the picture."
[31]CULTIVATE Interactive (7) (July 2002)
(http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue7/artiste/). - Imagine an image
database pulling together the disparate holdings of several prominent
European art collections. Imagine being able to search the images
based not on the usual information (i.e. artist, genre, period, etc.),
but on color, pattern or texture, and (my personal favorite) cheesy
fax copy of the original. The thing needs tweaking on the UI side of
things but it actually exists and is described in this article. -
[32]LRK
Arlitsch, Kenning. "[33]Digitizing Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for a
Full Color, Publicly Accessible Collection" [34]D-Lib Magazine
8(7/8) (July/August 2002)
(http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july02/arlitsch/07arlitsch.html). - This
piece describes the first project to create full-color, freely
accessible versions of old Sanborn Fire Insurance MapsTM, which are
interesting and detailed historical records of U.S. communities. The
maps were scanned at approximately 5,000 x 4,000 pixels and saved as
uncompressed TIFFs (average file size 60MB). The maps are served
online as MrSID (r) files, which requires users to have the free
plug-in installed. With the plug-in, users can either view the entire
map or zoom in on details. CONTENTdmTM was selected as the underlying
metadata database. - [35]RT
Crow, Raym. "[36]The Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC
Position Paper" [37]The Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources
Coalition (2002) (http://www.arl.org/sparc/IR/ir.html). - A number
of academic institutions are beginning to set up repositories with
which to capture and maintain the written scholarship of their
academic communities. The growing importance of these "institutional
repositories" is highlighted by this position paper from the
[38]Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition. The 37
page document (in Adobe Acrobat or HTML) "describes the potential
roles of instititutional digital repositories in the evolving
structure of scholarly communication..." and "explores the impact of
institutional repositories on the major stakeholders in the scholarly
communication process..." SPARC's stated intent is to "facilitate a
practical discussion of institutional repository policy and management
issues amongst operational decision makers." SPARC also promises to
address the technical and operational details of implementing such a
repository in a forthcoming SPARC companion document. - [39]RT
Fraser, Janice. "[40]The culture of usability : how to spend less and
get more from your usability-testing program. " [41]New Architect
7(8) p. 26-29 (August 2002)
(http://www.newarchitectmag.com/documents/s=2450/na0802b/index.html).
- It's hard to say where the journal New Architect (formerly
WebTechniques) is heading but the August issue brought a number of
interesting articles. This one by Janice Fraser urges the
incorporation of usability methods as a routine part of the
development process preferably using in-house resources. Not only is
this cheaper than hiring an outside consultant but it gives a firmer
foundation to what she calls a "culture of usability" within the
organization. - [42]LRK
Hargittai, Esther. "[43]Second-Level Digital Divide: Differences in
People's Online Skills" [44]First Monday 7(4) (1 April 2002)
(http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_4/hargittai/). - The author
takes a closer look at the existing literature on the digital divide,
which focuses mostly on the split between "haves" and "have-not". She
argues that this matrix for looking at computer literacy is too
binary, and too out of date. Ownership of a computer alone, she
argues, is no longer a clear indicator of computer literacy. In order
to understand how people succeed and fail to gain benefit from their
computers, it has become necessary to map online skills. Her findings
will not come as big surprises to anyone involved in end-user training
(e.g., "age is a factor"), but the data and analysis are sound and
help make the case for computer training and support sort of like the
type that most libraries offer. - [45]TH
Hawkins, Donald T. "[46]Electronic Books: Reports of Their Death Have
Been Exaggerated" [47]Online 26(4) p. 42-49 (July/August 2002)
(http://www.onlinemag.net/jul02/hawkins.htm). - As the article's
subtitle implies, the market hasn't flatlined, but the vital signs are
faint enough that a status report is timely. Many libraries which
dabbled in e-books have adopted a wait-and-see attitude; this article
will help a lot with the seeing part. Hawkins contrasts current
conditions with those he described in two earlier Online pieces
(reviewed in the [48]Sept. and [49]Oct. 2000 issues of Current Cites),
when the prognosis was more optimistic. In his analysis of today's
e-book disillusionment, he states that too much emphasis was placed on
the reader technology, with a firm's fate resting on the adoption of
particular devices, none of which really caught on with the public.
And of course the dot-bomb effect didn't spare this niche of the new
economy, bringing down businesses when investment dried up. Hindsight
accounts for only a small part of this piece, however, with more
emphasis placed on creating a clear vision of where things are headed.
Hawkins describes the strategies of the remaining (and some brand new)
players, how customized applications have emerged (like the medical
reference works available on a physician's PDA), what library usage
patterns have developed over the past few years, and which legal
issues remain problematic. So, when the subject of e-book technology
comes up, whether you'd cry at its funeral or dance on its grave,
don't be too hasty ... it lives! - [50]JR
Jones, Maggie, Neal Beagrie. "[51]Preservation Management of Digital
Materials" [52]Digital Preservation Coalition (May 2002)
(http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/handbook/). - Preservation of
digital material is one of those topics (as is copyright) that is
likely to send those who know about it screaming into the night or
else longing for early retirement. But at least now we have a variety
of resources to help keep us from too hastily doing either one of
those things. One such resource is this handbook from the United
Kingdom, long a leader in digital library development. Although the
web version can be annoying (how does one print the thing?) it
nonetheless is chock-full of good advice. One figure alone (see
[53]http://www.dpconline.org/graphics/handbook/figure4.html) is worth
the price of admission (well, more), in that it depicts in flowchart
form the process of selecting materials for long-term retention. And
while you're there, check out the Digital Preservation Coalition web
site as well. - [54]RT
Lewis, Valerie, Julie Klauber. "[55][Image] [Image] [Image] [Link]
[Link] [Link]: Inaccessible Web Design From the Perspective of a Blind
Librarian" [56]Library Hi Tech 20(2) p. 137-140 (2002)
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/lht.htm). - The article is written from
the perspective of a disabled person (one of the authors being legally
blind). They go over a number of frustrating sites, both library and
commercial, which are unfriendly to people with disabilities; they go
on to offer tips and links for making our web pages accessible.
Equally as important, they remind us that this awareness of
accessibility issues should extend beyond the pages we create
ourselves, to the subscription services we link to. One of several
articles on accessibility is this issue of Library Hi Tech. - [57]LRK
Litchfield, Malcolm. "[58]...but Presses Must Stress Ideas, Not
Markets" [59]The Chronicle of Higher Education 48(42) p. B9-B10 (28
June 2002) (http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i42/42b00901.htm). - A
companion piece to an article title "University Presses Aren't
Endangered..." by Niko Pfund in the same issue, Litchfield (also from
a university press) makes the case for university libraries to mount
and manage the intellectual property of the university, and thereby
make it freely available to all. Some university presses might fold,
but others would be free to focus on publishing those items for which
a clear market exists instead of publishing scholarly work for which
no market exists but that otherwise would not see the light of day. In
any case, as this discussion about the future of university presses
unfolds, events are beginning to overtake the discussion at some
universities. Libraries at the University of Michigan, MIT, and the
University of California, among others, are increasingly involved with
publishing efforts -- often in cooperation with their university press
counterparts. Both of these pieces have a lot to contribute to the
discussion of the future of university presses, and taken together
they offer a good deal to ponder about possible futures and which of
them may be the most desirable. - [60]RT
Minow, Mary. "[61]Library Digitization Projects and Copyright"
[62]LLRX.com (28 June 2002)
(http://www.llrx.com/features/digitization.htm). - If you feel you are
tiptoeing through a legal minefield while trying to digitize library
materials, this article can provide some quick guidance on how to get
to the other side in one piece. Minow, an attorney who is a former
librarian, provides a short, breezy, illustrated introduction to the
arcane topic of copyright law as it relates to digitization projects.
After reading it, who can forget "Sail the ocean blue through 1922" as
a rule of thumb for safely converting published and registered works?
The document is in six parts. You may find (as I did) that it's easier
to print them out, read them, then go back to the Web site and explore
the links. Want more in-depth advice? Try The Public Domain: How to
Find Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More, which was reviewed in
the [63]April 2001 issue. - [64]CB
Morville, Peter. "[65]In defense of search" [66]Digital Web Magazine
(July 16, 2002)
(http://www.digital-web.com/features/feature_2002-07.shtml). - Here's
a hot one: Are search boxes deleterious to the health of a web site?
Should we rely entirely on the architecture of the site and hence, on
browsing? Jared Spool, a fine usability advocate if ever there was
one, says yes. Peter Morville here in this response to Spool,
emphatically says no. Search options are too valuable a tool for
users, Morville argues. In addition, the kind of data they generate,
namely search logs, are invaluable for site developers. No doubt the
debate will continue. Stay tuned. - [67]LRK
Pfund, Niko. "[68]University Presses Aren't Endangered..." [69]The
Chronicle of Higher Education 48(42) p. B7-B8 (28 June 2002)
(http://chronicle.com/free/v48/i42/42b00701.htm). - Mr. Pfund defends
the future of university presses in the face of an increasingly
challenging environment. He correctly points out that publishers
perform quite a number of tasks that are not immediately apparent to
those who seek to self-publish or "self-archive" as some advocate. It
is one thing to throw your ideas up on the web, and quite another to
get anyone to know or care, he asserts. Although some arguments seem
less than compelling ("it's not the way things are done"), he has some
good points. University presses perform skilled, important work, and
if they are not around to do these things, who will do them? For an
interesting counterpoint, see the companion piece titled "...but
Presses Must Stress Ideas, Not Markets" by Malcom Litchfield in this
same issue. - [70]RT
Sessions Stepp, Lauren. "[71]Point. Click. Think?" [72]Washington
Post p. C01 (July 16, 2002)
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9729-2002Jul15.html).
- The Web has drastically changed the information-seeking behavior of
college students, especially when it comes to research assignments.
And this has not necessarily been a change for the good. One professor
quoted in this article said that the Web is now students' "first
recourse for any kind of information." Unfortunately, it's often their
last recourse as well. They simply don't look anyplace else. A
positive aspect is that students now work very quickly (because, in
many cases, they procrastinate to the extreme) and, according to
another professor quoted here, "They are more in control of facts than
we were 40 years ago." This may be outweighed, however, by the fact
that using the Web as one's only information source leads to shallow
thinking. Librarian/Internet trainer Marylane Block, also quoted in
the article, sums up the situation neatly: "The Internet makes it
ungodly easy now for people who wish to be lazy." It's not news that
the Internet has made cut-and-paste plagarism easier than ever, and
that the quality of information on the Net varies widely in its
quality and depth. Educators and librarians are well aware of all
these problems, but politicians are using the Internet as an excuse to
gut library budgets, since "everything" is on the Internet. Some
savvier professors restrict the number of Internet resources a student
can include in a bibliography, or require that a minimum number of
books be used. - [73]SK
Sturges, Paul. "Remember the Human: The First Rule of Netiquette,
Librarians and the Internet." [74]Online Information Review
26(3) p. 209-216 (2002). - Remembering the human, the author argues,
means libraries respecting the privacy of library users. This is done
by drawing up a credible policy on privacy whose general outlines are
suggested in the course of this article. The author points out that
while library users have great faith in the libraries' ability to
protect their privacy, the libraries themselves may not yet be in a
position to warrant such confidence. - [75]LRK
Westman, Stephen. "[76]Building Database-Backed Web Applications:
Process and Issues" [77]Information Technologies and Libraries
21(2) p. 63-72 (June 2002)
(http://www.lita.org/ital/2102_westman.html). - For those who are
ready to move beyond static HTML pages for their web site, this
article, along with one by Kristin Antelman we reviewed in the
[78]January 2000 issue of Current Cites, are good overviews. But don't
allow the apparent scope and complexity of creating database-driven
web sites scare you off. It's actually a good deal easier to get your
feet wet than you may suppose, and a small, simple project can often
be the way to learn how to do more complex ones. Once you read over
these pieces, go find a simple, straightforward tutorial on putting
together a web database and pick a small, discrete project to
implement. - [79]RT
Zittrain, Jonathan, Benjamin Edelman. "[80]Documentation of Internet
Filtering in Saudi Arabia" [81]Berkman Center for Internet & Society,
Harvard Law School (July 19, 2002)
(http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/filtering/saudiarabia/). - Nothing
shocking here. The authors of this study attempted to connect to about
60,000 websites via proxy servers in Saudi Arabia and found that
slightly more than 2,000 pages (about 2%) were blocked by
"Saudi-installed filtering systems." Restricted content included but
was not limited to sexually oriented material. Also off limits were
numerous sites covering religion, health, education, reference, humor,
and entertainment. A list of the restricted sites appears in an
appendix to this report. It's easy to assume from the titles alone why
some of these made the verboten list -- e.g., Queer Muslims Home Page,
asshole magazine, Israel.com - A Website 5,762 years in the Making! A
number of blocked sites included those which facilitate anonymous Web
browsing -- e.g., Anonymizer.com. Sites offering information about
religions other than Islam were heavily restricted -- Roman Catholic,
Lutheran, Jewish, Baha'i, whatever. Tasteless humor was also deemed
off-limits -- e.g., Create-A-Fart. While the authors of this study
expect that "tech-savvy users can devise new methods to circumvent
blocking," they expect that Saudi network staff will be monitoring
such actions closely and working to counter them. "We therefore
conclude that filtering is likely to remain effective over time." -
[82]SK
_________________________________________________________________
Current Cites 13(6) (June 2002) ISSN: 1060-2356
Copyright (c) 2002 by the Regents of the University of California All
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