[134301] in North American Network Operators' Group
How many legitimate cases when Origin AS in BGP announcement changed
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Akmal Shahbaz)
Tue Jan 4 07:39:02 2011
Date: Tue, 4 Jan 2011 04:38:19 -0800 (PST)
From: Akmal Shahbaz <akmal_shahbaz@yahoo.com>
To: nanog@nanog.org
In-Reply-To: <mailman.1.1294142401.52937.nanog@nanog.org>
Errors-To: nanog-bounces+nanog.discuss=bloom-picayune.mit.edu@nanog.org
Hi
I am looking for example routing policies when any AS receiving BGP adverti=
sement changes Origin AS in BGP AS set attribute to remove the received AS =
number and puts its own AS number.[legitimate cases]
1. customer AS advertises the prefix however provider AS announce the aggre=
gate(super prefix) shall put it's AS number in the BGP announcement.It may =
or may not suppress the customer BGP announcement based on multihoming.Well=
, we may say this is not a change in origin AS but new BGP announcement.
2.Can it happen in the case of private/public peering ?
3.ASes managed by same organization?
4.Are there cases it can be done for sub prefix or exact prefix announcemen=
t forwarding?=20
Thank you.
Akmal
PhD Student
MMLAB,SNU,Korea
--- On Tue, 1/4/11, nanog-request@nanog.org <nanog-request@nanog.org> wrote=
:
From: nanog-request@nanog.org <nanog-request@nanog.org>
Subject: NANOG Digest, Vol 36, Issue 7
To: nanog@nanog.org
Date: Tuesday, January 4, 2011, 12:00 PM
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Today's Topics:
=A0=A0=A01. Re: Router only speaks IGP in BGP network (Tarig Ahmed)
=A0=A0=A02. Software For Telcos (jacob miller)
=A0=A0=A03. 2010 IPv4 (and IPv6) Address Use Report (Iljitsch van Beijnum)
=A0=A0=A04. RES: Software For Telcos (Takashi Tome)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Tue, 4 Jan 2011 09:00:27 +0300
From: Tarig Ahmed <tariq198487@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: Router only speaks IGP in BGP network
To: Jeff Aitken <jaitken@aitken.com>
Cc: nanog@nanog.org
Message-ID: <BLU0-SMTP1103BD6461EF9DAA4EAFAD0BB080@phx.gbl>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"us-ascii"; format=3Dflowed; delsp=3Dye=
s
On Jan 3, 2011, at 8:02 PM, Jeff Aitken <jaitken@aitken.com> wrote:
> On Sat, Dec 25, 2010 at 08:52:42AM -0500, ML wrote:
>> If you're only redistributing 10 prefixes into OSPF? Problem?
>
> I know I'm a little late to this thread, but figured I'd point out one
> reason why this can be very dangerous:
>
> In IOS, you use a route-map to control redistribution between=A0=20
> protocols.
> For example, if you want to redist just those BGP prefixes tagged=A0=20
> with a
> specific community into OSPF, you will probably configure something=A0=20
> that
> looks like this:
>
>=A0 =A0 route-map bgp-to-ospf permit 10
>=A0 =A0=A0=A0match community $COMMUNITY
>=A0 =A0 !
>=A0 =A0 route-map bgp-to-ospf deny 20
>=A0 =A0 !
>=A0 =A0 router ospf $PID
>=A0 =A0=A0=A0redistribute bgp $ASN subnets route-map bgp-to-ospf
>
>
> Now, consider the following failure scenarios:
>
> 1. Someone typo's a BGP config elsewhere in your network and attaches
> $COMMUNITY to a whole bunch more routes... say, all 350k being sent=A0=20
> by your
> upstream provider.=A0 *oops*
>
> 2. An engineer thinks that there's something wrong with the=A0=20
> redistribution
> and decides to temporarily disable it as part of the troubleshooting
> process.=A0 He types the following:
>
>=A0 =A0 conf t
>=A0 =A0 router ospf $PID
>=A0 =A0 no redistribute bgp $ASN subnets route-map bgp-to-ospf
>
> *boom*
>
> He just dumped all BGP routes into OSPF, due to the way IOS parses the
> command: it removes the route-map but leaves the redistribution=A0=20
> intact.
> To be fair, Cisco does provide you with tools to mitigate this risk=A0=20
> (see
> the "redistribute maximum-prefix" command) but the point is that=A0=20
> this is
> a fairly easy mistake to make.
>
> At the end of the day, the reason that many folks advise against the
> redistribution of BGP into an IGP is that it sets the stage for a=A0=20
> seemingly
> insignificant mistake to cause a not-so-insignificant outage.
>
>
> --Jeff
>
>
>
This is an interesting point.
But why cisco *no* command does not remove the redistribute , I think=A0=20
it should do.
Thanks
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 3 Jan 2011 23:04:14 -0800 (PST)
From: jacob miller <mmzinyi@yahoo.com>
Subject: Software For Telcos
To: nanog@nanog.org
Message-ID: <360440.86064.qm@web39502.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Dus-ascii
Hi,
I have been wondering what type of Software do top telcos use.
The tracking of Customer circuits to ensure that from marketing,sales,accou=
nts and technical department everything to do with the circuits has to be t=
racked.
Anyone with any help in regards to top software that can be used to run suc=
h a telco to ensure that world class service is obtained will be crucial.
Regards,
Jacob
=A0 =A0 =A0=20
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Tue, 4 Jan 2011 12:29:48 +0100
From: Iljitsch van Beijnum <iljitsch@muada.com>
Subject: 2010 IPv4 (and IPv6) Address Use Report
To: NANOG list <nanog@nanog.org>
Message-ID: <49A2BD30-5F17-40FA-A862-FF8C7496DAE0@muada.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Dus-ascii
[ (Non-cross)posted to NANOG, PPML, RIPE IPv6 wg, Dutch IPv6 TF. ]
On the web:
IPv4: http://www.bgpexpert.com/addrspace2010.php
IPv6: http://www.bgpexpert.com/addrspace-ipv6-2010.php
The IPv4 one is included below:
2010 IPv4 Address Use Report
As of January 1, 2011, the number of unused IPv4 addresses is 495.66 millio=
n. Exactly a year earlier, the number of available addresses was 721.06 mil=
lion. So we collectively used up 225.4 million addresses in 2010.
35 of the 256 the /8s that make up the IPv4 address space have the status "=
reserved". 0 and 127 have special meaning and can't be used for normal purp=
oses. 224 - 239 are used for multicast and 240 - 255 are "reserved for futu=
re use". With only about two years worth of IPv4 addresses remaining on the=
shelves, it would seem that that future is here now, but unfortunately, pr=
etty much all operating systems balk at using a "reserved" address. So unre=
serving those addresses means upgrading EVERY system connected to the Inter=
net. If we're going to do that, we may as well skip those reserved IPv4 add=
resses and upgrade to IPv6. Last but not least, there's block 10, which is =
the largest of the three address blocks set aside for private use. The othe=
rs, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16, don't show up as reserved, but are ob=
viously not available for regular use.
This makes the total number of usable IPv4 addresses is (256 - 35) * 2^24 -=
2^20 - 2^16 =3D 3706.65 million addresses. The "IANA global pool" consists=
of 7 /8s (117.44 million) are still unused (unallocated): 39/8, 102/8, 103=
/8, 104/8, 106/8, 179/8 and 185/8. But there's also a lot of unused space h=
iding in the "allocated" and "legacy" categories. Each RIR publishes a list=
of address blocks further delegated to ISPs or end users every day on thei=
r FTP servers. If we add up all those blocks, this comes out to 3210.99 mil=
lion addresses. So the total number of usable-but-unused IPv4 addresses is =
3706.65 - 3210.99 =3D 495.66 million.
Going back to the IANA global pool, these are the changes over the past yea=
r:
Delegated=A0 =A0 Blocks=A0 +/- 2010
to/status
AfriNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A03=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0+1
APNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 42=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0+8
ARIN=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A035=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0+4
LACNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 8=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0+2
RIPE NCC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A034=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0+4
LEGACY=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A092
UNALLOCATED=A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A07=A0=A0=A0 -19
There is an agreement between IANA and the RIRs that each RIR will get one =
of the last five /8s. APNIC has been getting two /8s every three months lik=
e clockwork in 2010. If this continues, they'll be getting numbers 7 and 6 =
later this month, and then the final distribution will look like this:
Delegated=A0 =A0 Blocks=A0 +/- 2010
to/status
AfriNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A04
APNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 45
ARIN=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A036
LACNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 9
RIPE NCC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A035
LEGACY=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A092
UNALLOCATED=A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A0-
At this point, it becomes very interesting what the status of the legacy sp=
ace is, exactly. The legacy blocks are each "administered" by one of the RI=
Rs, but does that mean that that RIR is free to further delegate that space=
to ISPs and end users? There are 146.92 million unused addresses in legacy=
space, including 16.65 million returned by Interop a few months ago. This =
is the used versus unused address space administered by each RIR:
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Legacy=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Allocated
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A0total=A0=A0=A0unused=A0 =A0=A0=A0total=
=A0=A0=A0unused
AfriNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A033.55=A0 =A0 24.85=A0 =A0=A0=A050.33=A0 =A0=
27.06
APNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 100.66=A0 =A0 22.32=A0 =A0 704.64=A0 =A0 44.38
ARIN=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A0654.31=A0 =A0 60.55=A0 =A0 587.20=A0 =A0 5=
6.21
LACNIC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0 =A0 134.22=A0 =
=A0 37.39
RIPE NCC=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 67.11=A0 =A0=A0=A05.77=A0 =A0 570.43=A0 =A0 67.=
38
IANA=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A0671.09=A0 =A0 16.65=A0 =A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =
=A0 =A0 =A0 -
AfriNIC used up 8.95 million addresses last year. So their current unused a=
llocated space is good for another three years (if nothing changes) and the=
ir final /8 is worth another almost two years. If they get to use their leg=
acy space, that buys them another 2.5 years. So unless IPv4 address use <em=
>really</em> takes off in Africa, AfriNIC will be handing out addresses for=
at least three or four years.
APNIC is at the opposite end of the spectrum, using up no less than 126.22 =
million new IPv4 addresses last year. Even if they get to use the legacy sp=
ace they administer on top of three of the last seven /8s and, it's hard to=
see how APNIC can avoid having to tell people "no" before the year is out.=
However, there is a caveat: in the 2010 APNIC records, there is 6.65 milli=
on addresses worth of space that isn't in the 2011 records. Part of this is=
address space returned to APNIC. In other cases, an address block delegate=
d in a previous year expands or shrinks retroactively. Depending on what th=
e underlying reason for these changes is, the actual rate at which APNIC an=
d the other RIRs are giving out address space may be different from what it=
seems to be at first glance.
ARIN, LACNIC, and the RIPE NCC used up 54.55, 17.29, and 75.45 million addr=
esses, respectively, in 2010. However, ARIN saw 27.24 million addresses ret=
urned, including the 16.65 million from Interop, which is administered in t=
he ARIN records even though the IANA list doesn't reflect this. For AfriNIC=
, LACNIC and the RIPE NCC the numbers of addresses that came back were 0.31=
, 0.22, and 22.62 million, respectively.
With respect to running out of addresses, it's important to realize that th=
e Pareto principle (the 80/20 rule) applies: out of the 7686 address blocks=
given out last year, only 392 (5 percent) were blocks larger than 100,000 =
addresses, but those were responsible for 82 percent of the address <em>spa=
ce</em> given out. Even when the RIRs are no longer able to give out those =
large blocks, they may still be able to fulfill the requests for address bl=
ocks smaller than 10,000 addresses. Last year, 6425 such blocks were given =
out, totaling 14.03 million addresses. It really only takes a single addres=
s to be in the content business; it's the ISPs that need a continuous suppl=
y of new addresses to connect new customers. So the address shortages loomi=
ng beyond the summer will hit ISPs and their broadband/mobile customers fir=
st and foremost, and the content industry to a much lesser degree.
The top 15 IPv4 address holding countries:
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 2011-01-01=A0=A0=A02010-01-01=A0 =A0 Increa=
se=A0 Country
1=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0US=A0 =A0 1519.53 M=A0 =A0 1495.13 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
=A0=A01.6%=A0=A0=A0United States
2=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0CN=A0 =A0=A0=A0277.64 M=A0 =A0=A0=A0232.45 M=A0=
=A0 =A0 19.4%=A0=A0=A0China
3=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0JP=A0 =A0=A0=A0186.82 M=A0 =A0=A0=A0177.15 M=A0=
=A0 =A0=A0=A05.5%=A0=A0=A0Japan
4=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0EU=A0 =A0=A0=A0151.80 M=A0 =A0=A0=A0149.48 M=A0=
=A0 =A0=A0=A01.6%=A0=A0=A0Multi-country in Europe
5=A0 =A0 (6)=A0 =A0 KR=A0 =A0=A0=A0103.50 M=A0 =A0 =A0 77.77 M=A0 =A0 =A0 3=
3.1%=A0=A0=A0Korea
6=A0 =A0 (5)=A0 =A0 DE=A0 =A0 =A0 91.61 M=A0 =A0 =A0 86.51 M=A0 =A0 =A0=A0=
=A05.9%=A0=A0=A0Germany
7=A0 =A0 (9)=A0 =A0 GB=A0 =A0 =A0 82.25 M=A0 =A0 =A0 74.18 M=A0 =A0 =A0 10.=
9%=A0=A0=A0United Kingdom
8=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0CA=A0 =A0 =A0 79.53 M=A0 =A0 =A0 76.96 M=A0 =A0=
=A0=A0=A03.3%=A0=A0=A0Canada
9=A0 =A0=A0=A0-=A0 =A0=A0=A0FR=A0 =A0 =A0 79.29 M=A0 =A0 =A0 75.54 M=A0 =A0=
=A0=A0=A05.0%=A0=A0=A0France=A0 =A0 =A0=20
10=A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0=A0=A0AU=A0 =A0 =A0 49.10 M=A0 =A0 =A0 39.77 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
23.5%=A0=A0=A0Australia
11=A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0=A0=A0BR=A0 =A0 =A0 40.24 M=A0 =A0 =A0 33.95 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
18.5%=A0=A0=A0Brazil
12=A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0=A0=A0IT=A0 =A0 =A0 37.14 M=A0 =A0 =A0 33.50 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
10.9%=A0=A0=A0Italy
13=A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0=A0=A0RU=A0 =A0 =A0 34.66 M=A0 =A0 =A0 28.47 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
21.7%=A0=A0=A0Russia
14=A0 =A0 -=A0 =A0=A0=A0TW=A0 =A0 =A0 31.93 M=A0 =A0 =A0 27.10 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
17.8%=A0=A0=A0Taiwan
15=A0=A0=A0(19)=A0=A0=A0IN=A0 =A0 =A0 28.70 M=A0 =A0 =A0 19.42 M=A0 =A0 =A0=
47.8%=A0=A0=A0India
Because the US holds so much space, the increase of 25 million addresses se=
ems small, but that's still more than 10% of the address space given out in=
2010. China's growth is slowing down a little at 45 million addresses last=
year compared to 50 million in 2009. But other countries in Asia are picki=
ng up the slack and then some: Korea keeps using up large amounts of addres=
s space, and India is now also picking up the pace. The US now has 47.3% of=
the address space in use, down from 50.1% a year ago. The other countries =
in the top 15 collectively hold 39.7%, up from 38%. That leaves 13% for the=
rest of the world, up from 12%.
Note that I slightly changed the way addresses are counted: previously, all=
the legacy blocks that didn't have an RIR listed were assumed to be used 1=
00%. But with the return of most of the Interop block this is no longer the=
case: although ARIN isn't listed as administering the 45/8 block, they act=
ually are and only have 45.0.0.0/15 listed as in use.
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Tue, 4 Jan 2011 09:34:53 -0200
From: "Takashi Tome" <takashi@cpqd.com.br>
Subject: RES: Software For Telcos
To: <nanog@nanog.org>
Message-ID:
=A0=A0=A0 <E723F40B750C0D47B43CDC67EFC3806E1CE4CE@MAILSRV4.aquarius.cpqd.co=
m.br>
Content-Type: text/plain;=A0=A0=A0 charset=3D"iso-8859-1"
Hi Jacob,
Generally, top telcos use software made by top telco's software vendors... =
of course=A0 :-)
Say in other words, top telco's equipment vendors have their own sw team or=
third-party suppliers. Equipment vendors are Alcatel, Lucent (ex-AT&T), Er=
icsson, Nokia, etc. You can see at those companies' web site to check.
Which kind of software:
- system and service management;
- CRM;
- switching, IMS, etc;
- billing;
and so on.
Hope it works.
Takashi Tome
takashi@cpqd.com.br
www.cpqd.com.br=20
-----Mensagem original-----
De: jacob miller [mailto:mmzinyi@yahoo.com]=20
Enviada em: ter?a-feira, 4 de janeiro de 2011 05:04
Para: nanog@nanog.org
Assunto: Software For Telcos
Hi,
I have been wondering what type of Software do top telcos use.
The tracking of Customer circuits to ensure that from marketing,sales,accou=
nts and technical department everything to do with the circuits has to be t=
racked.
Anyone with any help in regards to top software that can be used to run suc=
h a telco to ensure that world class service is obtained will be crucial.
Regards,
Jacob
=A0 =A0 =A0=20
------------------------------
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