[128541] in North American Network Operators' Group
Re: off-topic: summary on Internet traffic growth History
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (deleskie@gmail.com)
Wed Aug 11 19:45:17 2010
In-Reply-To: <F9197A1F-F4E2-443E-BC99-2C265956AAAC@jsyoung.net>
To: "Jeffrey S. Young" <young@jsyoung.net>,
"John Lee" <john@internetassociatesllc.com>
From: deleskie@gmail.com
Date: Wed, 11 Aug 2010 23:45:04 +0000
Cc: "nanog@nanog.org" <nanog@nanog.org>, Andrew Odlyzko <odlyzko@umn.edu>
Reply-To: deleskie@gmail.com
Errors-To: nanog-bounces+nanog.discuss=bloom-picayune.mit.edu@nanog.org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=