[48043] in linux-announce channel archive
Survey for a $100 United Airlines reward. Participation Required.
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (United Airlines Opinion Requested)
Sat Mar 29 22:12:41 2025
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 21:02:40 -0500
From: "United Airlines Opinion Requested" <UnitedAirlinesGiftOpportunity@baobabbliss.ru.com>
Reply-To: "Amazing Deals" <UnitedAirlinesGiftOpportunity@baobabbliss.ru.com>
To: <linuxch-announce.discuss@charon.mit.edu>
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Survey for a $100 United Airlines reward. Participation Required.
http://baobabbliss.ru.com/rsTGL4RM_DsTq_PWtLA2PLROJYuxbXg82LClligP9J8ihYhiSw
http://baobabbliss.ru.com/kW4ZXxWk0Oa5_M3x4dPdI9q-4bEA_B5fjX1HCe_CHqXGoDl47w
xact definitions applied have been inconsistent. Avialae, initially proposed to replace the traditional fossil content of Aves, is often used synonymously with the vernacular term "bird" by these researchers.
Maniraptoromorpha
†Coelurus
†Ornitholestes
Maniraptoriformes
†Ornithomimosauria
Maniraptora
†Alvarezsauridae
Pennaraptora
†Oviraptorosauria
?Paraves
Cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic study by Cau, 2018.
Most researchers define Avialae as branch-based clade, though definitions vary. Many authors have used a definition similar to "all theropods closer to birds than to Deinonychus", with Troodon being sometimes added as a second external specifier in case it is closer to birds than to Deinonychus. Avialae is also occasionally defined as an apomorphy-based clade (that is, one based on physical characteristics). Jacques Gauthier, who named Avialae in 1986, re-defined it in 2001 as all dinosaurs that possessed feathered wings used in flapping flight, and the birds that descended from them.
Despite being currently one of the most widely used, the crown-group definition of Aves has been criticised by some researchers. Lee and Spencer (1997) argued that, contrary to what Gauthier defended, this definition would not increase the stability of the clade and the exact content of Aves will always be uncertain because any defined clade (either crown or not) will have few synapomorphies dis
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<div style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:8px;">xact definitions applied have been inconsistent. Avialae, initially proposed to replace the traditional fossil content of Aves, is often used synonymously with the vernacular term "bird" by these researchers. Maniraptoromorpha †Coelurus †Ornitholestes Maniraptoriformes †Ornithomimosauria Maniraptora †Alvarezsauridae Pennaraptora †Oviraptorosauria ?Paraves Cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic study by Cau, 2018. Most researchers define Avialae as branch-based clade, though definitions vary. Many authors have used a definition similar to "all theropods closer to birds than to Deinonychus", with Troodon being sometimes added as a second external specifier in case it is closer to birds than to Deinonychus. Avialae is also occasionally defined as an apomorphy-based clade (that is, one based on physical characteristics). Jacques Gauthier, who named Avialae in 1986, re-defined it in 2001 as all dinosaurs that possessed feathered wings used in flapping flight, and the birds that descended from them. Despite being currently one of the most widely used, the crown-group definition of Aves has been criticised by some researchers. Lee and Spencer (1997) argued that, contrary to what Gauthier defended, this definition would not increase the stability of the clade and the exact content of Aves will always be uncertain because any defined clade (either crown or not) will have few synapomorphies dis</div>
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