[87450] in SIPB IPv6
Every camper should have this flashlight bright enough to blind a bear.
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (LumiTek)
Tue Dec 27 11:53:27 2016
Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2016 09:42:44 -0500
From: LumiTek <lumitek@usnavyflashing.com>
To: <sipbv6-mtg@charon2.mit.edu>
------=_Part_157_281803225.1482846182190
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
The new military technology being released by the Lumi-Tek team in the next=
few days is something you need to know about=C3=A2=E2=82=AC=C2=A6
Be one of the first civilians to get a heads-up before it's released to the=
public=C3=A2=E2=82=AC=C2=A6
We are talking about the Lumi-Tek LED Flashlight. (http://www.usnavyflashing.com/a6186ssA4K9z7.nvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW6af/supportingly-buckets
This picture is worth a thousand words, see for yourself below=C3=A2=E2=82=
=AC=C2=A6.
The first shipment was received three hours ago. You are part of the first =
batch of email recipients.
Last year - they sold their entire stock in 2 days! Do not miss out on this=
rare opportunity.
Click here to claim your Lumi-Tek LED Flashlight (http://www.usnavyflashing.com/a6186ssA4K9z7.nvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW6af/supportingly-buckets
FYI. If you reply to this email two days from now telling me they are all g=
one and asking how to get one dont be mad when I tell you, you ll have to w=
ait till next year.
Pick up your Lumi-Tek LED Flashlight Now - You'll Love It (http://www.usnavyflashing.com/a6186ssA4K9z7.nvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW6af/supportingly-buckets
http://www.usnavyflashing.com/b8d8yz6S4Hl6Ax7snvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONWb07/useful-teethes
If you wish to stop, please GO Here. (http://www.usnavyflashing.com/863k86Up4BaQZ7InvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONWe8a/Dusenbury-served
Lumi-Tek
3824 Cedar Springs Rd. #801-7488
Dallas, TX 75219
or 1720 S Hill rd Timmonsville Sc 29161-7831
Primates are unquestionably clever: Monkeys can learn how to use money, and=
chimpanzees have a knack for game theory. But no one has ever taught a non=
human primate to say "hello." Scientists have long been intrigued by the fa=
ilure of primates to talk like us. Understanding the reasons may offer clue=
s to how our own ancestors evolved full-blown speech, one of our most power=
ful adaptations. On Friday, a team of researchers reported that monkeys hav=
e a vocal tract capable of human speech. They argue that other primates can=
't talk because they lack the right wiring in their brains. "A monkey's voc=
al tract would be perfectly adequate to produce hundreds, thousands of word=
s," said W. Tecumseh Fitch, a cognitive scientist at the University of Vien=
na and a co-author of the new study. Continue reading the main story Advert=
isement Continue reading the main story Human speech results from a complic=
ated choreography of flowing air and contracting muscles. To make a particu=
lar sound, we
have to give the vocal tract a particular shape. The vocal tracts of other =
primates contain the same elements as ours =C3=A2=E2=82=AC=E2=80=9D from vo=
cal cords to tongues to lips =C3=A2=E2=82=AC=E2=80=9D but their geometry is=
different. That difference long ago set scientists to debating whether pri=
mates could make speechlike sounds. In the 1960s, Philip H. Lieberman, now =
a professor emeritus of Brown University, and his colleagues went so far as=
to pack a dead monkey's vocal tract with plaster to get a three-dimensiona=
l rendering. They used acoustic formulas to determine what sort of sound th=
e tract would produce. Then they tested out variations on that shape, based=
on how living monkeys open their jaws and move other parts of their vocal =
tracts. In 1969, the researchers concluded that the range of vowel sounds t=
hat monkeys could make was "quite restricted," compared with those produced=
by humans. Dr. Lieberman would go on to study chimpanzee vocal tracts and =
look for clues to speech in the fossils of ancient humans and
Neanderthals. He argued that a crucial part of the evolution of speech was =
a gradual anatomical change to the vocal tract in humans. Crucial to this t=
ransition was the human tongue's descent back into the throat. "It's not un=
til about 75,000 years ago that you find fossils of fully modern humans wit=
h a vocal tract like that," Dr. Lieberman said in an interview. Dr. Fitch, =
a former student of Dr. Lieberman, and his colleagues came to a much differ=
ent conclusion after reviewing X-ray videos of macaques. The terse title of=
their new paper in Science Advances nicely sums up the findings: "Monkey V=
ocal Tracts Are Speech-Ready." In collaboration with Asif A. Ghazanfar, a n=
euroscientist at Princeton, Dr. Fitch filmed three rhesus macaque monkeys w=
ith a portable X-ray scanner. The goal was to survey the range of sounds mo=
nkeys will make on their own. "We only wanted them to do their natural capa=
bilities," said Dr. Ghazanfar. When the scientists brought another monkey i=
nto the room,
for example, the animals would smack their lips. The scientists could get t=
he monkeys to coo and grunt when presented with fruit. As they ate the frui=
t, the videos showed, the monkeys moved their mouths and throats into alter=
nate positions. The scientists selected 99 stills from their X-ray videos t=
o study in more detail. They mapped the outline of the vocal tract in each =
picture, and then generated a three-dimensional computer rendering of it, w=
hich they then used to model the sounds that a monkey could make by pushing=
air through that space. In theory, the researchers concluded, monkeys can =
make a fairly wide range of sounds. Looking at the most distinct vocal trac=
t shapes, Dr. Fitch and Dr. Ghazanfar identified five separate vowels among=
the possibilities. "What you get are the vowels in 'bit,' 'bet,' 'bat,' 'b=
ut' and 'bought,'" Dr. Fitch said. When the researchers played these sounds=
to people, they were able to correctly distinguish them most of the time. =
The scientists
could even assemble the sounds into recognizable sentences. So what prevent=
s these monkeys from gabbing all day long by the watering hole? The two res=
earchers argue that the key to the acquisition of speech lies somewhere in =
the brain. "If they had the brain, they could produce intelligible speech,"=
Dr. Ghazanfar said. Our ancestors may have evolved special brain circuits =
that allowed them to learn new sounds as babies. Humans also developed a sp=
ecial set of nerves for the fine motor control of their vocal tracts. Dr. L=
ieberman isn't convinced: His view is still that the evolution of human spe=
ech had to involve changes in both the brain and the vocal tract. Monkeys i=
n the new study, he noted, failed to make the most distinct sounds in human=
speech, such as a long e. Without such a full repertoire of distinct sound=
s, he argues, it's not possible to speak clearly as we do. "It's the differ=
ence between having a very saturated color and a very pastel color," he sai=
d. The acoustic
version of saturated colors would have been important for full-blown human =
speech, he said. But Anna Barney, a speech scientist at the University of S=
outhampton in England, found the research of Dr. Fitch and his colleagues m=
ore persuasive. While monkeys may not have the full range of human vowels, =
Dr. Barney said, their repertoire is a very good starting place for speech.=
Still, she cautioned that the new study left important questions about spe=
ech unresolved. Vowels are important to speech, for example, but so are con=
sonants. "What they've shown is that monkeys are vowel-ready, not speech-re=
ady," Dr. Barney said.
------=_Part_157_281803225.1482846182190
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<body>=20
<p>The new military technology being released by the Lumi-Tek team in the=
next few days is something you need to know aboutâ?¦</p>=20
<p>Be one of the first civilians to get a heads-up before it's released t=
o the public</p>=20
<p>We are talking about the <a href=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/Bugatti-lambdas/9188s6CLLMn46X7AnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW639">Lumi-Tek LED Flashligh=
t. </a></p>=20
<p>This picture is worth a thousand words, see for yourself below.</p>=20
<p><img src=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/de57TWa4ZkA8CW7jnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW7a1/blossom-rifling" width=3D"750" height=3D"497" alt=3D"" /></p>=
=20
<p>The first shipment was received three hours ago. You are part of the f=
irst batch of email recipients.</p>=20
<p>Last year - they sold their entire stock in 2 days! Do not miss out on=
this rare opportunity.</p>=20
<p><a href=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/Bugatti-lambdas/9188s6CLLMn46X7AnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW639">Click here to claim your Lumi-Tek LED Flashligh=
t</a></p>=20
<p>FYI. If you reply to this email two days from now telling me they are =
all gone and asking how to get one dont be mad when I tell you, you ll have=
to wait till next year.</p>=20
<p><a href=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/Bugatti-lambdas/9188s6CLLMn46X7AnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW639">Pick up your Lumi-Tek LED Flashlight Now - You'=
ll Love It</a><br /> </p>=20
<p><a href=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/Bugatti-lambdas/9188s6CLLMn46X7AnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW639"><br /> </a></p>=20
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<p> </p>=20
<p>If you wish to stop, please <a href=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/supportingly-buckets/e408q6Igl4CR7s7VnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONW16b">GO Here.</a></p>=20
<p>Lumi-Tek<br /> 3824 Cedar Springs Rd. #801-7488<br /> Dallas, TX 75219=
</p>=20
<p></p>=20
<p> or 1720 S Hill rd Timmonsville Sc 29161-7831 </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
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<p> </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
<p> </p>=20
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<p align=3D"center" style=3D"padding-top: 2.72676px; background-color: #=
FFF; zoom:1; color:#FFF; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 4p=
x !important; border-left-width: 0px; padding-left: 2px; padding: auto; =
border-right-style: none; padding-bottom: 1.8px; border-top-style: none;=
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ng-left: inherit; border-image-width:1; border-image-outset: 0px; text-a=
lign:normal; padding-right: 0.5px; font-family: Palatino,'Palatino Linoty=
pe','Palatino LT STD','Book Antiqua',Georgia,serif; padding-right: none; =
margin-top: 0px !important; "> Primates are unquestionably clever: Monkeys=
can learn how to use money, and chimpanzees have a knack for game theory. =
But no one has ever taught a nonhuman primate to say "hello." Sci=
entists have long been intrigued by the failure of primates to talk like us=
Understanding the reasons may offer clues to how our own ancestors evolve=
d full-blown speech, one of our most powerful adaptations. On Friday, a tea=
m of researchers reported that monkeys have a vocal tract capable of human =
speech. They argue that other primates can't talk because they lack the rig=
ht wiring in their brains. "A monkey's vocal tract would be perfectly =
adequate to produce hundreds, thousands of words," said W. Tecumseh Fi=
tch, a cognitive scientist at the University of Vienna and a co-author of t=
he new study. Continue reading the main story Advertisement Continue readin=
g the main story Human speech results from a complicated choreography of fl=
owing air and contracting muscles. To make a particular sound, we have to g=
ive the vocal tract a particular shape. The vocal tracts of other primates =
contain the same elements as ours â?? from vocal cords to tongues to =
lips â?? but their geometry is different. That difference long ago se=
t scientists to debating whether primates could make speechlike sounds. In =
the 1960s, Philip H. Lieberman, now a professor emeritus of Brown Universit=
y, and his colleagues went so far as to pack a dead monkey's vocal tract wi=
th plaster to get a three-dimensional rendering. They used acoustic formula=
s to determine what sort of sound the tract would produce. Then they tested=
out variations on that shape, based on how living monkeys open their jaws =
and move other parts of their vocal tracts. In 1969, the researchers conclu=
ded that the range of vowel sounds that monkeys could make was "quite =
restricted," compared with those produced by humans. Dr. Lieberman wou=
ld go on to study chimpanzee vocal tracts and look for clues to speech in t=
he fossils of ancient humans and Neanderthals. He argued that a crucial par=
t of the evolution of speech was a gradual anatomical change to the vocal t=
ract in humans. Crucial to this transition was the human tongue's descent b=
ack into the throat. "It's not until about 75,000 years ago that you f=
ind fossils of fully modern humans with a vocal tract like that," Dr. =
Lieberman said in an interview. Dr. Fitch, a former student of Dr. Lieberma=
n, and his colleagues came to a much different conclusion after reviewing X=
-ray videos of macaques. The terse title of their new paper in Science Adva=
nces nicely sums up the findings: "Monkey Vocal Tracts Are Speech-Read=
y." In collaboration with Asif A. Ghazanfar, a neuroscientist at Princ=
eton, Dr. Fitch filmed three rhesus macaque monkeys with a portable X-ray s=
canner. The goal was to survey the range of sounds monkeys will make on the=
ir own. "We only wanted them to do their natural capabilities," s=
aid Dr. Ghazanfar. When the scientists brought another monkey into the room=
, for example, the animals would smack their lips. The scientists could get=
the monkeys to coo and grunt when presented with fruit. As they ate the fr=
uit, the videos showed, the monkeys moved their mouths and throats into alt=
ernate positions. The scientists selected 99 stills from their X-ray videos=
to study in more detail. They mapped the outline of the vocal tract in eac=
h picture, and then generated a three-dimensional computer rendering of it,=
which they then used to model the sounds that a monkey could make by pushi=
ng air through that space. In theory, the researchers concluded, monkeys ca=
n make a fairly wide range of sounds. Looking at the most distinct vocal tr=
act shapes, Dr. Fitch and Dr. Ghazanfar identified five separate vowels amo=
ng the possibilities. "What you get are the vowels in 'bit,' 'bet,' 'b=
at,' 'but' and 'bought,'" Dr. Fitch said. When the researchers played =
these sounds to people, they were able to correctly distinguish them most o=
f the time. The scientists could even assemble the sounds into recognizable=
sentences. So what prevents these monkeys from gabbing all day long by the=
watering hole? The two researchers argue that the key to the acquisition o=
f speech lies somewhere in the brain. "If they had the brain, they cou=
ld produce intelligible speech," Dr. Ghazanfar said. Our ancestors may=
have evolved special brain circuits that allowed them to learn new sounds =
as babies. Humans also developed a special set of nerves for the fine motor=
control of their vocal tracts. Dr. Lieberman isn't convinced: His view is =
still that the evolution of human speech had to involve changes in both the=
brain and the vocal tract. Monkeys in the new study, he noted, failed to m=
ake the most distinct sounds in human speech, such as a long e. Without suc=
h a full repertoire of distinct sounds, he argues, it's not possible to spe=
ak clearly as we do. "It's the difference between having a very satura=
ted color and a very pastel color," he said. The acoustic version of s=
aturated colors would have been important for full-blown human speech, he s=
aid. But Anna Barney, a speech scientist at the University of Southampton i=
n England, found the research of Dr. Fitch and his colleagues more persuasi=
ve. While monkeys may not have the full range of human vowels, Dr. Barney s=
aid, their repertoire is a very good starting place for speech. Still, she =
cautioned that the new study left important questions about speech unresolv=
ed. Vowels are important to speech, for example, but so are consonants. &qu=
ot;What they've shown is that monkeys are vowel-ready, not speech-ready,&qu=
ot; Dr. Barney said. </p> =20
<img src=3D"http://www.usnavyflashing.com/blossom-rifling/f128l5Coxg4qbM7hnvkLX-dhVtFMuKmji10hvV0ONWb7f" alt=3D""/></body>
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