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Perl-Users Digest, Issue: 763 Volume: 8

daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Thu Jul 24 03:38:50 1997

Date: Thu, 24 Jul 97 00:03:22 -0700
From: Perl-Users Digest <Perl-Users-Request@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU>
To: Perl-Users@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)

Perl-Users Digest           Thu, 24 Jul 1997     Volume: 8 Number: 763

Today's topics:
     Re-Flowing ASCII Text (Marc Haber)
     Re: Re-Flowing ASCII Text (Even Holen)
     Re: regex problem <kvan@diku.dk>
     Re: Regex: Email format <rootbeer@teleport.com>
     Re: regexp problems:( (Ilya Zakharevich)
     Re: Simultaenous access of DBM files (Seth Perlman)
     Socket client writing to server <alan@protix.com>
     Source multiple line perl file <kistler@erdw.ethz.ch>
     Re: Source multiple line perl file <kistler@erdw.ethz.ch>
     Re: Statistic functions for PERL? <jhi@alpha.hut.fi>
     sybase extenstions to perl (Sybase::DBlib) <mkrueger@mobility.com>
     Re: telling 1/1000 of a second (Tim  Smith)
     tied hashes <jla@gummy.cs.indiana.edu>
     Re: Trimming leading and trailing spaces. (Bob Wilkinson)
     Re: trying to get parameters from web browser <rootbeer@teleport.com>
     Unable to resolve symbol '__inet_ntoa' <chris@ixlabs.com>
     Re: Unable to resolve symbol '__inet_ntoa' (Michael Fuhr)
     Re: Unix (Danny Aldham)
     unpack suitability <bking@dimensional.com>
     Re: warnings under perl 5.004_01 that my script didn't  (Andrew M. Langmead)
     where to go for html and SSI questions <rajk@best.com>
     Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 8 Mar 97) (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 21 Jul 1997 11:43:22 GMT
From: s_haber@ira.uka.de (Marc Haber)
Subject: Re-Flowing ASCII Text
Message-Id: <5qvhtc$3nt$1@nz12.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Hi!

I would like to have a perl program that takes a text file and
re-flows it to some other line width while preserving paragraphs.
Before writing it myself, I'd like to ask if this special kind of
wheel already has been invented.

Any hints will be appreciated.

Greetings
Marc

-- 
-------------------------------------- !! No courtesy copies, please !! -----
Marc Haber          |   " Questions are the         | s_haber@ira.uka.de
Karlsruhe, Germany  |     Beginning of Wisdom "     | Fon: *49 721 966 32 15
Nordisch by Nature  | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fax: *49 721 966 31 29


------------------------------

Date: 21 Jul 1997 14:08:29 GMT
From: evenh@ra.pvv.ntnu.no (Even Holen)
Subject: Re: Re-Flowing ASCII Text
Message-Id: <slrn5t6rat.1a7.evenh@ra.pvv.ntnu.no>

In article <5qvhtc$3nt$1@nz12.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>, Marc Haber wrote:
>I would like to have a perl program that takes a text file and
>re-flows it to some other line width while preserving paragraphs.
>Before writing it myself, I'd like to ask if this special kind of
>wheel already has been invented.

In another thread somebody mention Text::Wrap. It's a standard module.
Try it... Most probably it will do what you want...

Regards,
Even Holen
-- 
<><   Even Holen, evenh@pvv.ntnu.no, http://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~evenh/   :-)


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 03:37:23 +0200
From: Kvan <kvan@diku.dk>
Subject: Re: regex problem
Message-Id: <Pine.HPP.3.95.970722033159.11834C-100000@dvalin.diku.dk>

On Tue, 22 Jul 1997, Kvan wrote:

Whoops! I was a little to quick on the send-button there.

> What you want is
> 
> > map {print;~s/([$restricted_chars])/\\$1/go;print
> > ",escaped=$_\n"}

This would, of course, not work if some 'restricted' characters were
already escape (which is what I suppose was the point of looking for those
non-\ characters in the first place).

map {print;~s/(?!\\).([$restricted_chars])/\\$1/go;print ",escaped=$_\n"}

should work a lot better.

Kvan.

-------Casper Kvan Clausen------ | 'Ah, Warmark, everything that passes
---------<kvan@diku.dk>--------- |  unattempted is impossible.'
'kvan' on pbmserv@eiss.erols.com |   
http://www.diku.dk/students/kvan |        - Lord Mhoram, Son of Variol.      



------------------------------

Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 06:45:13 -0700
From: Tom Phoenix <rootbeer@teleport.com>
To: Simon Fairey <sfairey@adc.metrica.co.uk>
Subject: Re: Regex: Email format
Message-Id: <Pine.GSO.3.96.970723063841.12052C-100000@kelly.teleport.com>

On Wed, 23 Jul 1997, Simon Fairey wrote:

> I assume, in that case, that the only reason /@/ works for matching the
> '@' character is because there is nothing following it so it can't
> possibly be an array.

Exactly right. First, the parser locates the delimiting quotes (in this
case, the slash marks). Then it can check out what's inside them, and see
about interpolating what's needed. That method is used for all kinds of
quoting in Perl. Hope this helps!

-- 
Tom Phoenix           http://www.teleport.com/~rootbeer/
rootbeer@teleport.com  PGP   Skribu al mi per Esperanto!
Randal Schwartz Case:  http://www.rahul.net/jeffrey/ovs/



------------------------------

Date: 23 Jul 1997 23:23:57 GMT
From: ilya@math.ohio-state.edu (Ilya Zakharevich)
Subject: Re: regexp problems:(
Message-Id: <5r63qd$6qv@agate.berkeley.edu>

In article <eli$9707231516@qz.little-neck.ny.us>,
Eli the Bearded  <usenet-tag@qz.little-neck.ny.us> wrote:
> ".*?c" for single char 'c's is always inferior to "[^c]*c".

Why do you think so? Perl has exactly the same info as you do, so it
has a complete right to optimize one to another.  I have seen similar
optimizations in the perl's RE code, so please benchmark before
claiming something like this.



------------------------------

Date: 21 Jul 1997 06:57:56 -0400
From: seth@fellspt.charm.net (Seth Perlman)
Subject: Re: Simultaenous access of DBM files
Message-Id: <5qvfbk$fg@fellspt.charm.net>

In article <5qlv5k$3m3$1@cnn.Princeton.EDU>,
Matthew P. Gordon <mpgordon@phoenix.princeton.edu> wrote:
>1) _Learning Perl_ seems to imply that the explicit purpose of the
>built-in perl DBM routines is for creating files; however, the NDBM
>routines (tie/untie) do not even appear to neccesarily create the
>files at all, or store the data in them.  Is the purpose of the NDBM
>routines to store the data in files?  Or is to read the data from
>files, and/or implement a hash table, only using the files as
>neccesary?  If it is the latter, how can I create files with this
>data?
Generally these routines are used to create persistent hashed files...these
are best used for the purpose of fast lookups by the key value of the hash.
The following is some code which may work for you:
use ODBM_File;
&ypinittestmaps();
sub ypinittestmaps{
open(PASSWD,"<./sethtest678.s") || die "Cannot open ./sethtest678 file\n";
dbmopen(%byuid,"$byuidfi",0666) || die "dbmopen can't open $byuidfi";
 while(<PASSWD>) {
 chop;
 ($uidkey,$uidvalue)=split(/ /,$_,2);
 $byuid{$uidkey}=$uidvalue;
 }
dbmclose(byuid);
close(PASSWD);
}
>
>2) Is there any reason to believe that simultaneously writing to and
>reading from a DBM file is reliable and should work in any consistent
>fashion?  Is there any way to flush data to a DBM file (even though
>the man pages for NDBM say there isn't)?
I don't know about how long it takes to flush but my experience using
AIX 3.2 and 4.1 on an RS6000 is that it doesn't take a noticeable amount
of time.  For a few years, my code has been directly updating passwd
DBM maps on a production system that has thousands of people logging in
every day (reading from the same maps being updated). If there were any real 
problems with this I would have heard complaints by users a long time ago.
That doesn't mean that some reads may not indeed fail because
of the updates taking place, only that I suspect that I would have 
heard complaints about this from customers by now.
 ...Seth
-- 
Seth Perlman  Unix/Sybase Consultaant  
6000 Rusk Avenue 
Baltimore, Md. 21209
(410) 358-4355 seth@charm.net


------------------------------

Date: 24 Jul 1997 06:24:40 GMT
From: "Alan Fahrner" <alan@protix.com>
Subject: Socket client writing to server
Message-Id: <01bc97f9$ff4b3120$2d3c93cf@beekeeper>

Hi Folks...

I've been having a beast of a time trying to get a client socket to read
and write.  I've looked through all the man pages, the O'Reilly book, etc.,
etc., and I can't see what I'm doing wrong.

The socket server is definitely working, a c-program proves it...and I can
read from it okay in perl...

The port is 7000...

Any help would be greatly appreciated.  Please copy my e-mail address in on
your post...

Thanks
Alan
alan@protix.com

Here is the beast...I'm running it on the Win32 port.  Everything works
fine until the print statement, which seems to do nothing...

# basic test of sockets

use Socket;

$remote = "gort";
$port = "7000";
$iaddr = inet_aton($remote) || die "no host:  $remote";

$paddr = sockaddr_in($port,$iaddr);
$proto = getprotobyname('tcp');

socket(SOCK,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,$proto) || die "socket: $!";;

connect(SOCK,$paddr) || die "connect: $!";

read(SOCK,$buffer,5);

print $buffer, "\n";

print SOCK "test|test\n"; # <= this doesn't seem to do anything because if
it did
                                    #       the read below wouldn't hang

# I even tried send instead, but didn't know the flags to give...
#$result = send SOCK, "test|test\n", 10, MSG_EOR ;
read(SOCK,$buffer,2);

print $buffer, "\n";

close (SOCK) || die "close: $!";

print "Hit <Enter>...";
<STDIN>;


------------------------------

Date: Sun, 20 Jul 1997 12:01:54 +0200
From: Per Kistler <kistler@erdw.ethz.ch>
Subject: Source multiple line perl file
Message-Id: <33D1E212.B072F65D@erdw.ethz.ch>

Hi All

How would I source a perl file in the middle of a perl file
if it contains multiple line commands?

If the commands are single lined, I can do it like that:

  if( -r $CONFIGFILE ){
    open(CONF,"<$CONFIGFILE") or &myLogger("Cannot open $CONFIGFILE");
    my @conf = <CONF>;
    close(CONF);
    map { eval } @conf;
  }else{
    open(CONF,">$CONFIGFILE") or &myLogger("Cannot open $CONFIGFILE");
    close(CONF);
  }

But this works only for single line commands.

Thanks, Per.
-- 

Per Kistler 
Programmer (Unix/Perl/C++)
kistler@erdw.ethz.ch    
http://www.erdw.ethz.ch/~kistler
Institute for Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, ETH, Switzerland 
---------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------

Date: Sun, 20 Jul 1997 16:22:59 +0200
From: Per Kistler <kistler@erdw.ethz.ch>
To: Tom Phoenix <rootbeer@teleport.com>
Subject: Re: Source multiple line perl file
Message-Id: <33D21F43.4555351B@erdw.ethz.ch>

Hi Tom 

Thanks, for answering.

Well, it's not a *.pl file, but a normal file.

require $file; does not yet work, because the
file may not exist.
require $file if -r $file; also makes troubles,
because the file may contain only comments.

So I got to the following:

$req = q!require $file if -r $file!;
eval $req;

Bye, Per.
-- 

Per Kistler 
Programmer (Unix/Perl/C++)
kistler@erdw.ethz.ch    
http://www.erdw.ethz.ch/~kistler
Institute for Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, ETH, Switzerland 
---------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------

Date: 20 Jul 1997 14:53:50 +0300
From: Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@alpha.hut.fi>
Subject: Re: Statistic functions for PERL?
Message-Id: <oeevi26aqi9.fsf@alpha.hut.fi>


awdorrin@ictest.delcoelect.com (Albert W. Dorrington) writes:
> Judging by your email address I'd suggest checking out the following
> sites:
> 
> 	ftp://ftp.gmd.de/packages/CPAN/ 
>       ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/perl/CPAN/ 
>       ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ 
>       ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ 
>       ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/Perl/CPAN/ 
>       ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ 

If the request is coming from .de, the perl.com CPAN Multiplexer

	http://www.perl.com/CPAN/

will automatically direct the person to one of the above-mentioned sites.
"one of" as in "multiplexed (pseudo)randomly".

-- 
$jhi++; # http://www.iki.fi/~jhi/
        # There is this special biologist word we use for 'stable'.
        # It is 'dead'. -- Jack Cohen


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 17:20:33 +0100
From: Mike Krueger <mkrueger@mobility.com>
Subject: sybase extenstions to perl (Sybase::DBlib)
Message-Id: <33D4DDD1.5ED4@mobility.com>

I am writing a Perl program that uses Sybase::DBlib.  Does this API
support the use of "cursors".  Can anyone recommend where I might find a
good example of a Perl program that uses "cursors."


------------------------------

Date: 23 Jul 1997 17:14:50 -0700
From: trs@azstarnet.com (Tim  Smith)
Subject: Re: telling 1/1000 of a second
Message-Id: <5r66pq$m43@web.azstarnet.com>

In article <33D676C1.D2DEA63F@wco.com>, Kenneth Kin Lum  <kin@wco.com> wrote:
>There seems to be no function that tells the current time
>accurate to 1/1000 of a second in perl?  Is there any workaround?

Please see the perlfaq8 man page.  Look for the word 'second'.  This
is a system-specific thing to do, so there's no good general answer to
it.

http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/

Tim



------------------------------

Date: 23 Jul 1997 16:40:24 -0500
From: jason almeter <jla@gummy.cs.indiana.edu>
Subject: tied hashes
Message-Id: <p3zk9ihphvb.fsf@gummy.cs.indiana.edu>


I have an application where it would be useful to be able to use
'wantarray' in FETCH of an object tied to a hash.  Any ideas?

Info...

perl 5.003 on AXP VMS
wantarray seems to be always 0 inside FETCH

I can get...

	*glob = $foo{bar};

	$x = $glob;
	($y, $z) = @glob;

to work, but would rather provide something like...
	
	$x = $foo{$bar};
		and
	($y, $z) = $foo{$bar};

to my users.

TIA,

-jason


------------------------------

Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 14:16:23 +0100
From: b.wilkinson@pindar.co.uk (Bob Wilkinson)
Subject: Re: Trimming leading and trailing spaces.
Message-Id: <b.wilkinson-2307971416230001@ip57-york.pindar.co.uk>

In article <33d7b540.5234536@pub.news.uk.psi.net>, Brian@dkonline.com wrote:

> On Wed, 16 Jul 1997 22:44:31 -0700, Tom Phoenix
> <rootbeer@teleport.com> wrote:
> 
> >On Wed, 16 Jul 1997, rkn wrote:
> >
> >> Is there a simole way to trim leading and trailing spaces?
> >
> >Yes, and it's in the FAQ. Hope this helps!
> >
> >-- 
> >Tom Phoenix           http://www.teleport.com/~rootbeer/
> >rootbeer@teleport.com  PGP   Skribu al mi per Esperanto!
> >Randal Schwartz Case:  http://www.rahul.net/jeffrey/ovs/
> >
> 
> What a waste of bandwidth!
> If you can't be helpful, don't post!
> 
> Here's the expression:
> s/^\s//g;
> s/\s$//g;

If you are going to post, it's better to post correctly.

>From the FAQ:

s/^\s*(.*?)\s*$/$1/;

or faster:

s/^\s+//;
s/\s+$//;

Bob

-- 
 .sig file on holiday


------------------------------

Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 19:39:47 -0700
From: Tom Phoenix <rootbeer@teleport.com>
To: Mike Cloppert <mikec@dlpco.com>
Subject: Re: trying to get parameters from web browser
Message-Id: <Pine.GSO.3.96.970723193858.9621A-100000@kelly.teleport.com>

On 23 Jul 1997, Mike Cloppert wrote:

> I'm sure this is a trivial question, but how can I pass a parameter to a
> perl script as a hyperlink, and how can I then grab it inside the perl
> script? 

I'm not sure, but I think you want CGI.pm. Hope this helps!

-- 
Tom Phoenix           http://www.teleport.com/~rootbeer/
rootbeer@teleport.com  PGP   Skribu al mi per Esperanto!
Randal Schwartz Case:  http://www.rahul.net/jeffrey/ovs/



------------------------------

Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 14:19:31 -0700
From: Chris Schoenfeld <chris@ixlabs.com>
Subject: Unable to resolve symbol '__inet_ntoa'
Message-Id: <33D523E3.4C64@ixlabs.com>

Recently I tried to build a Perl module (libwww-perl5.08/5.10) on a Red
Hat Linux 2.0.30 System with Perl 5.004. I received the following errors
on the make test:

#######begin excerpt from 'make test'
robot/ua............/home/ixlabs/perl5.004/bin/perl: can't resolve
symbol '__inet_ntoa'
dubious
        Test returned status 1 (wstat 256)
DIED. FAILED tests 1-7
        Failed 7/7 tests, 0.00% okay
local/autoload......ok
local/get...........ok
local/http........../home/ixlabs/perl5.004/bin/perl: can't resolve
symbol '__inet_ntoa'
dubious
        Test returned status 1 (wstat 256)
#######end excerpt from 'make test'

I suppose I have some sort of library problem. Could someone point me
towards the best way of resolving this?

Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks
Chris


------------------------------

Date: 23 Jul 1997 21:36:50 -0600
From: mfuhr@dimensional.com (Michael Fuhr)
Subject: Re: Unable to resolve symbol '__inet_ntoa'
Message-Id: <5r6iki$3no@flatland.dimensional.com>

Chris Schoenfeld <chris@ixlabs.com> writes:

> Recently I tried to build a Perl module (libwww-perl5.08/5.10) on a Red
> Hat Linux 2.0.30 System with Perl 5.004. I received the following errors
> on the make test:
>
> #######begin excerpt from 'make test'
> robot/ua............/home/ixlabs/perl5.004/bin/perl: can't resolve
> symbol '__inet_ntoa'

Have you installed BIND 8.1 recently?  I recall having similar
problems due to the Perl build picking up the BIND 8.1 header files
in /usr/local/include instead of those in /usr/include.  Among the
ways I found to fix the problem was to delete the header files that
BIND installed under /usr/local/include and rebuild Perl (BIND
8.1.1 now installs its headers under /usr/local/bind, probably
because of problems like this).

Just a thought.

-- 
Michael Fuhr
http://www.dimensional.com/~mfuhr/


------------------------------

Date: 21 Jul 1997 22:05:42 -0700
From: danny@lennon.postino.com (Danny Aldham)
Subject: Re: Unix
Message-Id: <5r1f36$1e1$1@lennon.postino.com>

silvern@vetrol.com wrote:
: Im looking for a script to run unix commands from a form input.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w
$|=1;
require 'cgi_handlers.pl' ;
print $rqpairs{'command'} ; from forms <Input Name="command" > tag 
&get_request();
&html_header("Run Unix Command");
print "Command to run: ", $rqpairs{'command'},"\n";
@output = `$rqpairs{'command'}`;
print "Command output: ", @output ;
&html_trailer();

: PLEASE if you know where to find "The most dangerous script on the NET",
: PLEASE(I stress) let me know where to find it

It is not a script, it is a binary, but if you let me know what platform
you are on, I will send you a copy. ;-)

--
Danny Aldham           SCO Ace , MCSE , JAPH , DAD
I don't need to hide my e-mail address, I broke my sendmail.


------------------------------

Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 19:24:50 -0600
From: bob king <bking@dimensional.com>
Subject: unpack suitability
Message-Id: <33D6AE89.1DB43F59@dimensional.com>

Hello,

Can someone help me to understand if unpack is the way i want to
go here, and if so, how. In the back of Programming Perl i read 
something that seems to indicate that use of unpack may be preferable
to repeated calls to substr. I am attempting to read a string of 450 hex
chars of length 4 and get the decimal numbers. Currently i am using
substr + hex. Here is a test script with output.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

$test1 = "007E004000870043";
$test2 = substr($test1,0,4);
$test2 = hex($test2);
$test3 = substr($test1,4,4);
$test3 = hex($test3);
@hmm = unpack("h4h4h4h4" ,$test1);
print "$hmm[0],$hmm[1] - $test2,$test3\n";
=======================
0303,7354 - 126,64

Am i barking up the wrong tree??

TIA

B.


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 01:01:37 GMT
From: aml@world.std.com (Andrew M. Langmead)
Subject: Re: warnings under perl 5.004_01 that my script didn't give in perl 5.003
Message-Id: <EDp46p.F26@world.std.com>

"Raymond K. Bush" <rbush@up.net> writes:

>/export/home/rbush>Value of <HANDLE> construct can be "0"; test with
>defined() at /usr/local/sbin/in.qpage.d line 28.

>Under perl 5.003 i did not get this warning. So you know what is going
>on i have listed a code snippet of one of the lines below.  They are all
>similiar lines.


It is talking about the fact that if the very last line of a file is
the string "0", (not followed by a newline) the while loop will think
the <HANDLE> operator is claiming (since it has returned a boolean
false value) that it has reached end of file and so your perl program
will loose that last byte. I have never seen this happen in a real
life, but it could theoretically happen.

if you code things as:

while(defined($line = <HANDLE>)) {
  # do stuff with $line here
}

then you will get every line. Even the last one. Even if consists of
the string "0" (not followed by a newline.)

It is good coding practice to protect yourself from bad input. Even if
the chances of that input occuring is very unlikely. Add the
additional operator, and your code has one less bug.

If you use the implicit assigning to $_ inside a while conditional
when the only operator in that conditional is a <> operator, then you
get behavior like the code above. The loop exits when the return from
the <> operator is undefined, not just false in a boolean sense. (At
least in fairly recent version of perl. The earliest perl 5 I have at
at hand is perl 5.001l, and it does it correctly. perl version 4.036
and very old perl 5.000 releases show this bug.)

The correct form of reading from a filehandle and assigning explicitly
assigning to a variable is shown in the second edition of the book
"Programming Perl". I'd assume the second edition of "Learning Perl"
does the same. The first edition of both books showed code last line
is a boolean false bug. (But at least "Learning Perl" warned you about
it in a footnote. From what I've read from him here and the books,
Randal seems like the type that finds it fascinating when he can make
the usual case fail in unusual ways.)

Since most of the authors of the other perl books learned perl before
"Programming Perl, Second Edition" came out (I hope.) It is very likely
that some of their basic knowledge of perl came from either the camel
or the llama books (again, I hope.) Since that is the case, it
wouldn't be surprising if they copied the same bugs.
-- 
Andrew Langmead


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 22 Jul 1997 16:43:00 -0700
From: Raj Kumar <rajk@best.com>
Subject: where to go for html and SSI questions
Message-Id: <33D54583.1D7A4BBA@best.com>

Hello

I was wondering what is the right newsgroup to go to
for html and server side include questions.

Suggestions please.


-Raj




------------------------------

Date: 8 Mar 97 21:33:47 GMT (Last modified)
From: Perl-Request@ruby.oce.orst.edu (Perl-Users-Digest Admin) 
Subject: Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 8 Mar 97)
Message-Id: <null>


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available by requesting "send perl-users mini-faq". It appears twice
weekly in the group, but is not distributed in the digest.

For other requests pertaining to the digest, send mail to
perl-users-request@ruby.oce.orst.edu. Do not waste your time or mine
sending perl questions to the -request address, I don't have time to
answer them even if I did know the answer.


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End of Perl-Users Digest V8 Issue 763
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