[32579] in Perl-Users-Digest
Perl-Users Digest, Issue: 3851 Volume: 11
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Wed Jan 2 11:09:22 2013
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 08:09:07 -0800 (PST)
From: Perl-Users Digest <Perl-Users-Request@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU>
To: Perl-Users@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Perl-Users Digest Wed, 2 Jan 2013 Volume: 11 Number: 3851
Today's topics:
Benefits for professional Perl programmers <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Re: CGI Question - Now Running <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Re: CGI Question <sbryce@scottbryce.com>
Re: CGI Question <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Re: CGI Question <dave@invalid.invalid>
Re: CGI Question <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Re: CGI Question <dave@invalid.invalid>
Re: CGI Question <troffasky@hotmail.com>
Re: CGI Question <news@lawshouse.org>
Re: CGI Question <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Re: CGI Question <sbryce@scottbryce.com>
Re: Date in CSV/TSV question <dave@invalid.invalid>
Re: Date in CSV/TSV question <news@lawshouse.org>
Re: Date in CSV/TSV question <news@lawshouse.org>
Re: Date in CSV/TSV question <nospam@lisse.NA>
Re: Date in CSV/TSV question <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Re: DESTROY gotcha <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Re: plural and singular syntax in Perl5, PHP and Perl6 <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01) (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 09:57:18 -0600
From: "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Benefits for professional Perl programmers
Message-Id: <nMSdnWHNycFIxXnNnZ2dnUVZ_gqdnZ2d@earthlink.com>
"E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com> wrote in message
news:AKmdnasLqqSQkHnNnZ2dnUVZ_hWdnZ2d@earthlink.com...
The technical discussions that I have been having with people in this
Newsgroup have made for a fairly large number of posts. But, I believe that
professional Perl programmers should consider the possible benefits of this
effort rather than get upset by all of the posts.
It has been my experience that only a fairly small percentage of the
people who have degrees in the physical sciences can do much by way of
computer programming. And I myself don't know any who can do any CGI
programming work.
I now have three highly unique and I feel important Perl language
based computer programs running. This latest one is that CGI Perl language
bulletin board program that will be used, among other things, to circulate
information to other scientists around the world regarding at least two of
these programs. And now that it is finally running there should be some
rapid progress with program development.
One of those Perl programs has been available to scientists and
amateur researchers for several years as a free .exe format download. And
it is scheduled for an update one of these days to bring it current with the
much more powerful version that is presently running on my PC. That next
update version should also have the ability to function as a central,
interactive controlling hub for other language computer programs that can be
used to interactively or automatically generate specialize types of data.
It is already controlling compiled TrueBasic and Gnuplot programs.
I have also been telling people that they can have the second
program, the bulletin board technology and modifications for free use.
My third unique Perl program is what might be called a virtual
operating system program. In my opinion it can make other operating systems
such as Linux, Windows, and UNIX far more powerful and versatile. I have
never discussed it in any posts here.
If scientists around the world start using these programs then they
will likely want to customize them for their own particular applications and
environments. And they will probably not want to try to do any of the Perl
programming themselves. For simple modifications they might contact me.
But it they want to make more extensive modifications they will likely bring
in some experienced and perhaps professional Perl programmers.
So, in addition to possibly increasing the popularity and usage of
the Perl language, these efforts could conceivably result in some paid work
for at least a few Perl programmers around the world. It is my opinion that
government agencies and their computer programmers should be using that
first Perl language program that I have already made available as a
download. And with this new bulletin board to help advertise it, some of
those agencies might start doing that.
The programs could probably have been written in some other language
such as Python. In fact, that was actually recommended. So, if these
efforts do actually result in some professional Perl programmers around the
world having a little more income sent in their direction, wouldn't a few
posts in this Newsgroup be worth it?
These are personal opinions.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 04:33:59 -0600
From: "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question - Now Running
Message-Id: <AKmdnasLqqSQkHnNnZ2dnUVZ_hWdnZ2d@earthlink.com>
"E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com> wrote in message
news:gvGdnQLHp75GkX7NnZ2dnUVZ_tednZ2d@earthlink.com...
This effort to create a new bulletin board has now been a success.
So, thanks to one and all for the technical information.
The effort did not take too long. And I actually learned a lot more
with this effort regarding how to get a CGI Perl program to do different
things than I thought were possible.
There is still one question that I would like to get the answer for
regarding how to have the bulletin board Perl program access a password file
that is not in the www/ public directory. However, that information is not
essential to this effort. The Web site directory structure has been
established. And for now I will be using a password file that has its
permission specifications set so that it the bulletin board program can read
it. But it is not readable by Web site visitors.
The test programs are running fine. Now I just need to get all of
the Perl bulletin board program's internal addresses set and then store that
actual program on the Internet Server.
CGI PERL WITH GRAPHICS
After that bulletin board program is fully operational I would like
to determine what type of graphics program can be used on an Internet Server
in connection with Perl. Gnuplot is being used on my PC. And the Perl /
Gnuplot combination works great. It is fast enough that fairly good
interactive work can be done. Perl watches for key presses. And when one
is pressed such as an arrow key the Perl program tells Gnuplot to move
things around on the display screen or to display a different screen.
If I can determine what is involved with getting Gnuplot running with
Perl on an Internet Server then that combination will probably be used.
However, I doubt that it would be fast enough for interactive work.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 01 Jan 2013 23:55:23 -0700
From: Scott Bryce <sbryce@scottbryce.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <kc0llj$5ra$1@dont-email.me>
On 1/1/2013 9:05 PM, E.D.G. wrote:
> "Scott Bryce" <sbryce@scottbryce.com> wrote in message
> news:kbv3lc$p41$2@dont-email.me...
>
>> It is not their job to write your code for you.
>
> The problem was that they could not explain how the file permissions
> need to be set for any CGI program or password file.
Right. Because these are not server configuration issues.
> In any case, it looks like the matter will have been possible to
> resolve through these Newsgroup discussions.
Or not. The questions you are asking are not really Perl questions.
Perhaps they should be asked in a more appropriate newsgroup.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 01:55:34 -0600
From: "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <c_6dnRJsJad2en7NnZ2dnUVZ_jCdnZ2d@earthlink.com>
"Scott Bryce" <sbryce@scottbryce.com> wrote in message
news:kbt0dl$pq3$1@dont-email.me...
> Don't do that. Move the password file to a directory above the document
> root where it cannot be accessed via the internet.
Question: If the directory where the Perl program is www/cgi-bin and the
password.txt file is stored in a directory that is above that one, say it is
named "passwords", what address would the Perl program use to open the
password.txt file?
open file, '< ???/passwords.txt';
What would the ???/ be, root/ or something like that?
or
usr/local/password/
I tried a few names like that and couldn't get any of them to work.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 10:12:49 +0000 (UTC)
From: "Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-o3ok84FQdYDY@localhost>
On Wed, 2 Jan 2013 07:55:34 UTC, "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
wrote:
> "Scott Bryce" <sbryce@scottbryce.com> wrote in message
> news:kbt0dl$pq3$1@dont-email.me...
>
> > Don't do that. Move the password file to a directory above the document
> > root where it cannot be accessed via the internet.
>
> Question: If the directory where the Perl program is www/cgi-bin and the
> password.txt file is stored in a directory that is above that one, say it is
> named "passwords", what address would the Perl program use to open the
> password.txt file?
>
> open file, '< ???/passwords.txt';
>
> What would the ???/ be, root/ or something like that?
>
> or
>
> usr/local/password/
>
> I tried a few names like that and couldn't get any of them to work.
>
Ye gods! - Been following this thread with growing disbelief. Go and
learn about the unix file system, its permissions and structure.
Assuming:
www
cgi-bin
passwords
And you are in cgi-bin then ../passwords/passwords.txt
--
Regards
Dave Saville
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 04:37:05 -0600
From: "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <Eoednbr1t_FbkHnNnZ2dnUVZ_oCdnZ2d@earthlink.com>
"Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid> wrote in message
news:fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-o3ok84FQdYDY@localhost...
> And you are in cgi-bin then ../passwords/passwords.txt
That was one of the first things that I tried. It works on my PC with Xampp
but not on my Internet Server. However, I might have just not gotten the
address in there correctly and will try it again.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 10:47:11 +0000 (UTC)
From: "Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-Ur9f1BECjdgI@localhost>
On Wed, 2 Jan 2013 10:37:05 UTC, "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
wrote:
> "Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid> wrote in message
> news:fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-o3ok84FQdYDY@localhost...
>
> > And you are in cgi-bin then ../passwords/passwords.txt
>
> That was one of the first things that I tried. It works on my PC with Xampp
> but not on my Internet Server. However, I might have just not gotten the
> address in there correctly and will try it again.
>
Is it possible that the server is stopping you essentially "CDing out
of your assigned file system"? You do own www and have write
permissions?
--
Regards
Dave Saville
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 11:07:58 +0000
From: alexd <troffasky@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <kc14ee$8to$1@dont-email.me>
Scott Bryce (for it is he) wrote:
> The questions you are asking are not really Perl questions.
> Perhaps they should be asked in a more appropriate newsgroup.
But I [and several others] are enjoying this particularly amusing thread!
--
<http://ale.cx/> (AIM:troffasky) (UnSoEsNpEaTm@ale.cx)
11:07:17 up 16 days, 13:39, 5 users, load average: 0.62, 0.67, 0.68
Qua illic est reprehendit, illic est a vindicatum
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 12:06:09 +0000
From: Henry Law <news@lawshouse.org>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <1cydnZRPouAvv3nNnZ2dnUVZ8rydnZ2d@giganews.com>
On 02/01/13 11:07, alexd wrote:
> Scott Bryce (for it is he) wrote:
>
>> The questions you are asking are not really Perl questions.
>> Perhaps they should be asked in a more appropriate newsgroup.
>
> But I [and several others] are enjoying this particularly amusing thread!
>
Quite so. My theory is that E.D.G. (don't you love those dots) is
actually a highly sophisticated Turing-test bot. Whoever has developed
it is (by contrast to E.D.G. itself) a really top-class programmer.
--
Henry Law Manchester, England
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 09:25:01 -0600
From: "E.D.G." <edgrsprj@ix.netcom.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <OJqdne883PfYzHnNnZ2dnUVZ_oidnZ2d@earthlink.com>
"Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid> wrote in message
news:fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-Ur9f1BECjdgI@localhost...
> Is it possible that the server is stopping you essentially "CDing out
> of your assigned file system"? You do own www and have write
> permissions?
There shouldn't be any problems with www ownership. However, now
that the test programs are running with the password file in a directory
that does respond I am focusing on getting the actual bulletin board program
operational. That should be some time today. And when it is working I plan
to go back and try to determine why I was not able to access the password
file copy in that higher level directory. Since you believe that this
should work I am going to guess that the reason is probably something
simple.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 08:40:42 -0700
From: Scott Bryce <sbryce@scottbryce.com>
Subject: Re: CGI Question
Message-Id: <kc1ked$6kc$1@dont-email.me>
On 1/2/2013 8:25 AM, E.D.G. wrote:
> There shouldn't be any problems with www ownership.
OK, but the password file should be in a directory outside of the www
directory, not below it.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2013 10:22:13 +0000 (UTC)
From: "Dave Saville" <dave@invalid.invalid>
Subject: Re: Date in CSV/TSV question
Message-Id: <fV45K0OBJxbE-pn2-mCBN4FhYyooS@localhost>
On Tue, 1 Jan 2013 23:56:14 UTC, Dr Eberhard Lisse <nospam@lisse.NA>
wrote:
> I have a Tab Separated File of roughly 1000 likes with the first fields like
>
> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>
> I need change the first field to look like
>
> 2011-01-07 "TFR"
> 2011-01-05 "DR"
>
> for all lines, of course :-)-O
>
> Can someone point me to where I can read this up? Or send me a code
> fragment?
Not clear if the file has the quotes or you are using them to show the
fields. Assuming you have extracted the first field then split on
space to day month year. Set up an array of month names. Find the
index of the given month. Regenerate the field with sprintf. $new =
sprintf($year-%2.2d-$day, $index); For simplicity put a dummy month on
the front of the list, perl arrays index from 0, so @months = qw(crap
Jan Feb ..........
HTH
--
Regards
Dave Saville
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 12:23:55 +0000
From: Henry Law <news@lawshouse.org>
Subject: Re: Date in CSV/TSV question
Message-Id: <S5ednYYCoLZBu3nNnZ2dnUVZ8mGdnZ2d@giganews.com>
On 02/01/13 10:22, Dave Saville wrote:
> On Tue, 1 Jan 2013 23:56:14 UTC, Dr Eberhard Lisse <nospam@lisse.NA>
> wrote:
>
>> I have a Tab Separated File of roughly 1000 likes with the first fields like
>>
>> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
>> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>
> Not clear if the file has the quotes or you are using them to show the
> fields. Assuming you have extracted the first field then split on
> space to day month year. Set up an array of month names. Find the
> index of the given month. Regenerate the field with sprintf. $new =
> sprintf($year-%2.2d-$day, $index); For simplicity put a dummy month on
> the front of the list, perl arrays index from 0, so @months = qw(crap
> Jan Feb ..........
You could use Date::Calc, particularly the Decode_Date_EU function; it's
overkill if what you've described is really all there is, but it saves
programming. A truly lazy^H^H^H^Hcreative programmer would look for
something to decode the tab-separated file too; maybe Text::CSV would do
that? I've only ever used it for comma separated data, (which, er, is
what it's for).
--
Henry Law Manchester, England
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 13:01:53 +0000
From: Henry Law <news@lawshouse.org>
Subject: Re: Date in CSV/TSV question
Message-Id: <08WdnXLnPOlcsnnNnZ2dnUVZ8lydnZ2d@giganews.com>
On 01/01/13 23:56, Dr Eberhard Lisse wrote:
> I have a Tab Separated File of roughly 1000 likes with the first fields like
>
> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>
> I need change the first field to look like
>
> 2011-01-07 "TFR"
> 2011-01-05 "DR"
OK, couldn't resist having a bash at this. Didn't spend a lot of time
on it but this does what you want.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use Date::Calc qw( Decode_Date_EU );
use Text::CSV;
my $csv = Text::CSV->new( { sep_char=>"\t", quote_char=>'"' } )
or die "Failed to create CSV object: $!\n";
while ( 1 ) {
my $row = $csv->getline( \*DATA );
last unless $row->[0]; # getline returns zero-length arrayref;
irritating
my ( $year, $month, $day ) = Decode_Date_EU( $row->[0] );
die "Bad date" unless $year;
printf "%04d-%02d-%02d\t%s\n", $year, $month, $day, $row->[1];
}
__DATA__
"07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
"05 Jan 2011" "DR"
> henry@eris:~/Perl/tryout$ ./tryout
> 2011-01-07 TFR
> 2011-01-05 DR
It could be improved, and made more Perlish (I write code in isolation,
rather, which isn't a good idea). In particular I was maddened by the
need to check the EOF condition explicitly. "while my $row =
getline..." returns a one-element array containing a null value when it
hits EOF; you'd think it would return undef. (And yes I did try
"defined" as suggested in perldoc IO::Handle but the arrayref is
actually defined, despite not containing anything useful).
--
Henry Law Manchester, England
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 15:47:45 +0200
From: Dr Eberhard W Lisse <nospam@lisse.NA>
Subject: Re: Date in CSV/TSV question
Message-Id: <50E43A81.2000201@lisse.NA>
Thanks.
el
On 2013-01-02 15:01 , Henry Law wrote:
> On 01/01/13 23:56, Dr Eberhard Lisse wrote:
>> I have a Tab Separated File of roughly 1000 likes with the first
>> fields like
>>
>> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
>> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>>
>> I need change the first field to look like
>>
>> 2011-01-07 "TFR"
>> 2011-01-05 "DR"
>
> OK, couldn't resist having a bash at this. Didn't spend a lot of time
> on it but this does what you want.
>
> #!/usr/bin/perl
> use strict;
> use warnings;
> use 5.010;
>
> use Date::Calc qw( Decode_Date_EU );
> use Text::CSV;
>
> my $csv = Text::CSV->new( { sep_char=>"\t", quote_char=>'"' } )
> or die "Failed to create CSV object: $!\n";
> while ( 1 ) {
> my $row = $csv->getline( \*DATA );
> last unless $row->[0]; # getline returns zero-length arrayref;
> irritating
> my ( $year, $month, $day ) = Decode_Date_EU( $row->[0] );
> die "Bad date" unless $year;
> printf "%04d-%02d-%02d\t%s\n", $year, $month, $day, $row->[1];
> }
>
> __DATA__
> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>
>> henry@eris:~/Perl/tryout$ ./tryout
>> 2011-01-07 TFR
>> 2011-01-05 DR
>
> It could be improved, and made more Perlish (I write code in isolation,
> rather, which isn't a good idea). In particular I was maddened by the
> need to check the EOF condition explicitly. "while my $row =
> getline..." returns a one-element array containing a null value when it
> hits EOF; you'd think it would return undef. (And yes I did try
> "defined" as suggested in perldoc IO::Handle but the arrayref is
> actually defined, despite not containing anything useful).
>
--
If you want to email me, replace nospam with el
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 15:37:02 +0000
From: Rainer Weikusat <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Subject: Re: Date in CSV/TSV question
Message-Id: <877gnvy4td.fsf@sapphire.mobileactivedefense.com>
Dr Eberhard Lisse <nospam@lisse.NA> writes:
> I have a Tab Separated File of roughly 1000 likes with the first fields like
>
> "07 Jan 2011" "TFR"
> "05 Jan 2011" "DR"
>
> I need change the first field to look like
>
> 2011-01-07 "TFR"
> 2011-01-05 "DR"
>
> for all lines, of course :-)-O
>
> Can someone point me to where I can read this up? Or send me a code
> fragment?
-----------
%months = map { $_, sprintf('%02d', ++$n); } qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec);
while (<>) {
s/^"(\d+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\d+)"/"$3-$months{$2}-$1"/;
print;
}
-----------
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 12:08:18 +0000
From: Rainer Weikusat <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Subject: Re: DESTROY gotcha
Message-Id: <87mwwrpz2l.fsf@sapphire.mobileactivedefense.com>
"C.DeRykus" <derykus@gmail.com> writes:
>> As far as I could determine, this isn't documented anywhere, hence,
[...]
>> -------------
>>
>> package Boo;
>>
>>
>>
>> sub new
>>
>> {
>>
>> return bless([], $_[0]);
>>
>> }
>>
>>
>>
>> sub DESTROY
>>
>> {
>>
>> $_[2]->the_end_of_the_world_lost();
>>
>> }
>>
>>
>>
>> package main;
>>
>>
>>
>> my $o = Boo->new();
>>
>> $o = undef;
>>
>>
>>
>> print("So we had to continue ...\n");
>>
>> ------------
>> will print 'So we had to continue ...' (this caused me quite some head
[...]
> Perl special cases exceptions in DESTROY and so they're
> untrappable. With -w though you'll at least see:
>
> (in cleanup) Can't call method "the_end_of_the_world_lost"
> on an undefined value at ...
>
> Here's some background on the problem (and controversy):
> http://www.perlmonks.org/index.pl?node_id=924488
That's actually about a somewhat different issue, namely, 'user
exceptions' in destructors, not about fatal execution errors perl
can only detect at runtime (and the behaviour I observed occurred on
5.10.1). And the main issue here is really that the 'in cleanup'
explanation is the only documentation about this I'm presently aware
of[*].
[*] Considering that this isn't documented, it is - by definition - a
bug :->.
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 12:22:58 +0000
From: Rainer Weikusat <rweikusat@mssgmbh.com>
Subject: Re: plural and singular syntax in Perl5, PHP and Perl6
Message-Id: <87ip7fpye5.fsf@sapphire.mobileactivedefense.com>
Bjoern Hoehrmann <bjoern@hoehrmann.de> writes:
> * Andrew wrote in comp.lang.perl.misc:
[...]
>> I have learned
>>(again, please correct me if I am wrong) that Perl itself (!!!) -- in
>>its new and radically revised VERSION 6, is tossing out this baby with
>>the bath water -- this gem of a syntax, obliterating the "$" versus "@"
>>distinction, and (as I would put it) is descending to the painfully
>>banal and ambiguous "$" for both scalars and arrays (?!) (that we
>>observe in PHP)
>
> http://feather.perl6.nl/syn/S02.html#Sigils
>
> http://perlcabal.org/syn/Differences.html#Sigils
>
> Note that the sigil for fetching a single element has changed from
> $ to @; perhaps a better way to think of it is that the sigil of a
> variable is now a part of its name, so it never changes in
> subscripting. This also applies to hashes.
>
> So the situation is not quite as you put it.
Eh ... sorry, but it is exactly as he puts it: The original idea that
$ is roughly the same as a 'singular article' while @ is a plural one,
has been replaced by the more 'conventional' ('conventional' here
supposed to mean 'more like what other language designers also did'
and absolutely not 'conventional' as 'what people usually do' since
'people' usually don't) concept that namespaces of differently-typed
variables are separate (I don't really have an opinion in favor of one
versus the other approach[*]).
[*] OTOH, Perl6 is about throwing away the baby (who would want an
ugly kid like that, anyway) while trying to keep the bathwater (can't
OUR [ugly] kid become just as popular with the help of something like
'also deemed to be useful by superficial association'?).
------------------------------
Date: 6 Apr 2001 21:33:47 GMT (Last modified)
From: Perl-Users-Request@ruby.oce.orst.edu (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)
Subject: Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01)
Message-Id: <null>
Administrivia:
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#answer them even if I did know the answer.
------------------------------
End of Perl-Users Digest V11 Issue 3851
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