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Perl-Users Digest, Issue: 1937 Volume: 11

daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Tue Oct 21 16:09:48 2008

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 13:09:10 -0700 (PDT)
From: Perl-Users Digest <Perl-Users-Request@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU>
To: Perl-Users@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)

Perl-Users Digest           Tue, 21 Oct 2008     Volume: 11 Number: 1937

Today's topics:
        accessing single characters of strings <lehmannmapson@cnm.de>
    Re: accessing single characters of strings <thepoet_nospam@arcor.de>
    Re: accessing single characters of strings <tadmc@seesig.invalid>
        can LWP handle this? <dontmewithme@got.it>
    Re: can LWP handle this? <dontmewithme@got.it>
    Re: can LWP handle this? <hjp-usenet2@hjp.at>
    Re: PDL::Audio not working for me <zentara@highstream.net>
        Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision:  tadmc@seesig.invalid
    Re: Scalar variable in void context before a loop (Mark Hobley)
    Re: String Processing Basic Stuff <v3gupta@gmail.com>
    Re: String Processing Basic Stuff sln@netherlands.com
    Re: String Processing Basic Stuff xhoster@gmail.com
        Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01) (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 19:56:31 +0200
From: Marten Lehmann <lehmannmapson@cnm.de>
Subject: accessing single characters of strings
Message-Id: <6m6jeiFfbh1uU1@mid.individual.net>

Hello,

how can I access a single character of a string in Perl like I can do it 
in C with text[10]? I don't want to split it up and work on an array. 
How can I work directly in place?

Kind Regards
Marten


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 20:09:28 +0200
From: Christian Winter <thepoet_nospam@arcor.de>
Subject: Re: accessing single characters of strings
Message-Id: <48fe1ad3$0$17395$9b4e6d93@newsspool1.arcor-online.net>

Marten Lehmann wrote:
> how can I access a single character of a string in Perl like I can do it 
> in C with text[10]? I don't want to split it up and work on an array. 
> How can I work directly in place?

See the perldoc entry for "substr". You can even use it as an lvalue
function (i.e. assign new values).

-Chris


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 13:14:03 -0500
From: Tad J McClellan <tadmc@seesig.invalid>
Subject: Re: accessing single characters of strings
Message-Id: <slrngfs6vb.bu4.tadmc@tadmc30.sbcglobal.net>

Marten Lehmann <lehmannmapson@cnm.de> wrote:

> like I can do it 
> in C with text[10]? I don't want to split it up and work on an array. 


It is not possible to do it like in C, because in C it _is_ an array.


-- 
Tad McClellan
email: perl -le "print scalar reverse qq/moc.noitatibaher\100cmdat/"


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 13:56:57 +0200
From: Larry <dontmewithme@got.it>
Subject: can LWP handle this?
Message-Id: <dontmewithme-1769F9.13565721102008@news.tin.it>

Hi,

   I would like to know how to go about using the following code to send 
some data to a web server using POST method:

#!/perl

use LWP::UserAgent;

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
$ua->agent("Naiocast/1.8 (Stable Version)");

my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => 
'http://127.0.0.1:8000/cgi-bin/recv.cgi');

$req->content_type('application/octet-stream');

my $res = $ua->request($req);

print $res->as_string;

__END__;

I'm not going to send form data. Instead, I'm sending raw binary data 
which I'm not aquainted with the size, so I may as well set a long 
content-length

I'm getting binary data from a local sysread:

while ( sysread($sock, $buf, BUFSIZE) )
{
   # ...send $buf via POST...(let LWP handle it)
}

Can it atually be done?

thanks


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 17:39:13 +0200
From: Larry <dontmewithme@got.it>
Subject: Re: can LWP handle this?
Message-Id: <dontmewithme-3D7BF7.17391321102008@news.tin.it>

In article <dontmewithme-1769F9.13565721102008@news.tin.it>,
 Larry <dontmewithme@got.it> wrote:

> I'm not going to send form data. Instead, I'm sending raw binary data 
> which I'm not aquainted with the size, so I may as well set a long 
> content-length

ok, I sorted out something like the following:

my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
$ua->agent("Naiocast/1.8 (Stable Version)");

my $req = HTTP::Request->new(POST => 
'http://127.0.0.1:8000/cgi-bin/recv.cgi');

$req->content_type('application/octet-stream');
$req->content_length(2048000000);

$req->content(sub {
   my $buf;
   sysread($fh1, $buf, 2048);
   return $buf;
} );

my $res = $ua->request($req);

print $res->as_string;


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 21:32:03 +0200
From: "Peter J. Holzer" <hjp-usenet2@hjp.at>
Subject: Re: can LWP handle this?
Message-Id: <slrngfsbhj.h0e.hjp-usenet2@hrunkner.hjp.at>

On 2008-10-21 15:39, Larry <dontmewithme@got.it> wrote:
> In article <dontmewithme-1769F9.13565721102008@news.tin.it>,
>  Larry <dontmewithme@got.it> wrote:
>> I'm not going to send form data. Instead, I'm sending raw binary data 
>> which I'm not aquainted with the size, so I may as well set a long 
>> content-length
[...]
> $req->content_length(2048000000);
>
> $req->content(sub {
>    my $buf;
>    sysread($fh1, $buf, 2048);
>    return $buf;
> } );

If this works with your server, that's fine, but I don't think you can
rely on this. If you send less than 2048000000 bytes, a server might (or
even should) conclude that something went wrong at the client end and
return an error.

	hp



------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 08:07:00 -0400
From: zentara <zentara@highstream.net>
Subject: Re: PDL::Audio not working for me
Message-Id: <v7hrf41te3n7cuo2ek4tnfg399cn8lph4r@4ax.com>

On Mon, 20 Oct 2008 06:35:34 -0700 (PDT), kieran <kieranocall@gmail.com>
wrote:

>On Oct 17, 8:01 pm, Joost Diepenmaat <jo...@zeekat.nl> wrote:
>> kieran<kieranoc...@gmail.com> writes:

>Hi Joost, thank for the reply, I had planned to use PDL::Audio ofr
>filtering, FFT, cut_leading _silence, etc...
>I am having problems with any of the functions i use from that module.
>It would be great to see some examples of this code working as there
>is a serious lack of documentation for this module. 

>If anyone has used
>this module successfully any sample code woul be a great help.
>Best regards,
>Kieran

This works here for me. 

#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
#use strict;
use PDL::Audio;
use PDL::Audio::Scales qw(scale_list get_scale);

my @names = PDL::Audio::Scales::scale_list();
print "@names\n";
# returns [1 1 1.5 5 7 8 8.5 1.2]
#$scale = get_scale arist_chromrej;
#print "$scale\n";
#($scale, $desc) = get_scale arist_chromrej;
# sets $desc to "Aristoxenos Rejected Chromatic, 6 + 3 + 21 parts 7"
#print "$scale $desc\n";

sub osc {
   my ( $dur, $freq ) = @_;
   ( gen_asymmetric_fm $dur, $freq, 0.9, 0.6 ) *
    ( gen_env $dur, [ 0, 1, 2, 9, 10 ], [ 0, 1, 0.6, 0.3, 0 ] );
}


for ( @names ) {
   my ( $scale, $desc ) = PDL::Audio::Scales::get_scale( $_ );
   my @mix;
   my $i;
   print "$_ [$desc] $scale\n";
   my $l = $scale->list;

   for ( ( $scale * 880 )->list ) {
      push @mix, ( $i * 0.2 * 44100, osc 0.3 * 44100, $_ / 44100 );
      push @mix, ( $l * 0.2 * 44100 + 0.1, osc 0.8 * 44100, $_ / 44100
);
      $i++;
   }
   ( audiomix @mix )->scale2short->playaudio;
}
__END__




------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 07:19:54 GMT
From: tadmc@seesig.invalid
Subject: Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision: 1.8 $)
Message-Id: <uofLk.4356$c45.222@nlpi065.nbdc.sbc.com>

Outline
   Before posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
      Must
       - Check the Perl Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
       - Check the other standard Perl docs (*.pod)
      Really Really Should
       - Lurk for a while before posting
       - Search a Usenet archive
      If You Like
       - Check Other Resources
   Posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
      Is there a better place to ask your question?
       - Question should be about Perl, not about the application area
      How to participate (post) in the clpmisc community
       - Carefully choose the contents of your Subject header
       - Use an effective followup style
       - Speak Perl rather than English, when possible
       - Ask perl to help you
       - Do not re-type Perl code
       - Provide enough information
       - Do not provide too much information
       - Do not post binaries, HTML, or MIME
      Social faux pas to avoid
       - Asking a Frequently Asked Question
       - Asking a question easily answered by a cursory doc search
       - Asking for emailed answers
       - Beware of saying "doesn't work"
       - Sending a "stealth" Cc copy
      Be extra cautious when you get upset
       - Count to ten before composing a followup when you are upset
       - Count to ten after composing and before posting when you are upset
-----------------------------------------------------------------

Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision: 1.8 $)
    This newsgroup, commonly called clpmisc, is a technical newsgroup
    intended to be used for discussion of Perl related issues (except job
    postings), whether it be comments or questions.

    As you would expect, clpmisc discussions are usually very technical in
    nature and there are conventions for conduct in technical newsgroups
    going somewhat beyond those in non-technical newsgroups.

    The article at:

        http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

    describes how to get answers from technical people in general.

    This article describes things that you should, and should not, do to
    increase your chances of getting an answer to your Perl question. It is
    available in POD, HTML and plain text formats at:

     http://www.rehabitation.com/clpmisc.shtml

    For more information about netiquette in general, see the "Netiquette
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     http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc1855.html

    A note to newsgroup "regulars":

       Do not use these guidelines as a "license to flame" or other
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    A note about technical terms used here:

       In this document, we use words like "must" and "should" as
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       We're not bossing you around; we're making the point without
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    Do *NOT* send email to the maintainer of these guidelines. It will be
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Before posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
  Must
    This section describes things that you *must* do before posting to
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    to your inquiry and to avoid getting flamed for being lazy and trying to
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    The perl distribution includes documentation that is copied to your hard
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    You should either find out where the docs got installed on your system,
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    Check the Perl Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
        Checking the FAQ before posting is required in Big 8 newsgroups in
        general, there is nothing clpmisc-specific about this requirement.
        You are expected to do this in nearly all newsgroups.

        You can use the "-q" switch with perldoc to do a word search of the
        questions in the Perl FAQs.

    Check the other standard Perl docs (*.pod)
        The perl distribution comes with much more documentation than is
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        see if you can find an answer in the other (non-FAQ) standard docs
        before posting.

    It is *not* required, or even expected, that you actually *read* all of
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    Try doing a word-search in the standard docs for some words/phrases
    taken from your problem statement or from your very carefully worded
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  Really Really Should
    This section describes things that you *really should* do before posting
    to clpmisc.

    Lurk for a while before posting
        This is very important and expected in all newsgroups. Lurking means
        to monitor a newsgroup for a period to become familiar with local
        customs. Each newsgroup has specific customs and rituals. Knowing
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    Search a Usenet archive
        There are tens of thousands of Perl programmers. It is very likely
        that your question has already been asked (and answered). See if you
        can find where it has already been answered.

        One such searchable archive is:

         http://groups.google.com/advanced_group_search

  If You Like
    This section describes things that you *can* do before posting to
    clpmisc.

    Check Other Resources
        You may want to check in books or on web sites to see if you can
        find the answer to your question.

        But you need to consider the source of such information: there are a
        lot of very poor Perl books and web sites, and several good ones
        too, of course.

Posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
    There can be 200 messages in clpmisc in a single day. Nobody is going to
    read every article. They must decide somehow which articles they are
    going to read, and which they will skip.

    Your post is in competition with 199 other posts. You need to "win"
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    These sections describe how you can help keep your article from being
    one of the "skipped" ones.

  Is there a better place to ask your question?
    Question should be about Perl, not about the application area
        It can be difficult to separate out where your problem really is,
        but you should make a conscious effort to post to the most
        applicable newsgroup. That is, after all, where you are the most
        likely to find the people who know how to answer your question.

        Being able to "partition" a problem is an essential skill for
        effectively troubleshooting programming problems. If you don't get
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        It should be understood that you may not know that the root of your
        problem is not Perl-related (the two most frequent ones are CGI and
        Operating System related), so off-topic postings will happen from
        time to time. Be gracious when someone helps you find a better place
        to ask your question by pointing you to a more applicable newsgroup.

  How to participate (post) in the clpmisc community
    Carefully choose the contents of your Subject header
        You have 40 precious characters of Subject to win out and be one of
        the posts that gets read. Don't waste them. Take care while
        composing them, they are the key that opens the door to getting an
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        Spend them indicating what aspect of Perl others will find if they
        should decide to read your article.

        Do not spend them indicating "experience level" (guru, newbie...).

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        For more information on choosing a Subject see "Choosing Good
        Subject Lines":

         http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/D/DM/DMR/subjects.post

        Part of the beauty of newsgroup dynamics, is that you can contribute
        to the community with your very first post! If your choice of
        Subject leads a fellow Perler to find the thread you are starting,
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    Use an effective followup style
        When composing a followup, quote only enough text to establish the
        context for the comments that you will add. Always indicate who
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        quote a .signature (unless that is what you are commenting on).

        Intersperse your comments *following* each section of quoted text to
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        "top-posting", "Jeopardy" (because the answer comes before the
        question), or "TOFU" (Text Over, Fullquote Under).

        Reversing the chronology of the dialog makes it much harder to
        understand (some folks won't even read it if written in that style).
        For more information on quoting style, see:

         http://web.presby.edu/~nnqadmin/nnq/nquote.html

    Speak Perl rather than English, when possible
        Perl is much more precise than natural language. Saying it in Perl
        instead will avoid misunderstanding your question or problem.

        Do not say: I have variable with "foo\tbar" in it.

        Instead say: I have $var = "foo\tbar", or I have $var = 'foo\tbar',
        or I have $var = <DATA> (and show the data line).

    Ask perl to help you
        You can ask perl itself to help you find common programming mistakes
        by doing two things: enable warnings (perldoc warnings) and enable
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        You should not bother the hundreds/thousands of readers of the
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    Do not re-type Perl code
        Use copy/paste or your editor's "import" function rather than
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    Provide enough information
        If you do the things in this item, you will have an Extremely Good
        chance of getting people to try and help you with your problem!
        These features are a really big bonus toward your question winning
        out over all of the other posts that you are competing with.

        First make a short (less than 20-30 lines) and *complete* program
        that illustrates the problem you are having. People should be able
        to run your program by copy/pasting the code from your article. (You
        will find that doing this step very often reveals your problem
        directly. Leading to an answer much more quickly and reliably than
        posting to Usenet.)

        Describe *precisely* the input to your program. Also provide example
        input data for your program. If you need to show file input, use the
        __DATA__ token (perldata.pod) to provide the file contents inside of
        your Perl program.

        Show the output (including the verbatim text of any messages) of
        your program.

        Describe how you want the output to be different from what you are
        getting.

        If you have no idea at all of how to code up your situation, be sure
        to at least describe the 2 things that you *do* know: input and
        desired output.

    Do not provide too much information
        Do not just post your entire program for debugging. Most especially
        do not post someone *else's* entire program.

    Do not post binaries, HTML, or MIME
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        Don't attach anything to the message. Don't post vcards or HTML.
        Many people (and even some Usenet servers) will automatically filter
        out such messages. Many people will not be able to easily read your
        post. Plain text is something everyone can read.

  Social faux pas to avoid
    The first two below are symptoms of lots of FAQ asking here in clpmisc.
    It happens so often that folks will assume that it is happening yet
    again. If you have looked but not found, or found but didn't understand
    the docs, say so in your article.

    Asking a Frequently Asked Question
        It should be understood that you may have missed the applicable FAQ
        when you checked, which is not a big deal. But if the Frequently
        Asked Question is worded similar to your question, folks will assume
        that you did not look at all. Don't become indignant at pointers to
        the FAQ, particularly if it solves your problem.

    Asking a question easily answered by a cursory doc search
        If folks think you have not even tried the obvious step of reading
        the docs applicable to your problem, they are likely to become
        annoyed.

        If you are flamed for not checking when you *did* check, then just
        shrug it off (and take the answer that you got).

    Asking for emailed answers
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        entire community. If folks can take the time to answer your
        question, then you can take the time to go get the answer in the
        same place where you asked the question.

        It is OK to ask for a *copy* of the answer to be emailed, but many
        will ignore such requests anyway. If you munge your address, you
        should never expect (or ask) to get email in response to a Usenet
        post.

        Ask the question here, get the answer here (maybe).

    Beware of saying "doesn't work"
        This is a "red flag" phrase. If you find yourself writing that,
        pause and see if you can't describe what is not working without
        saying "doesn't work". That is, describe how it is not what you
        want.

    Sending a "stealth" Cc copy
        A "stealth Cc" is when you both email and post a reply without
        indicating *in the body* that you are doing so.

  Be extra cautious when you get upset
    Count to ten before composing a followup when you are upset
        This is recommended in all Usenet newsgroups. Here in clpmisc, most
        flaming sub-threads are not about any feature of Perl at all! They
        are most often for what was seen as a breach of netiquette. If you
        have lurked for a bit, then you will know what is expected and won't
        make such posts in the first place.

        But if you get upset, wait a while before writing your followup. I
        recommend waiting at least 30 minutes.

    Count to ten after composing and before posting when you are upset
        After you have written your followup, wait *another* 30 minutes
        before committing yourself by posting it. You cannot take it back
        once it has been said.

AUTHOR
    Tad McClellan and many others on the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup.

-- 
Tad McClellan
email: perl -le "print scalar reverse qq/moc.noitatibaher\100cmdat/"


------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 10:06:05 +0100
From: markhobley@hotpop.donottypethisbit.com (Mark Hobley)
Subject: Re: Scalar variable in void context before a loop
Message-Id: <tki0t5-b89.ln1@neptune.markhobley.yi.org>

John Bokma <john@castleamber.com> wrote:

> Which guide is that?

In this case it is a Wrox programming guide, but it is no longer on 
their website, so I have not been able to obtain an Errata for this.

Anyhow, It looks like it is definately wrong, so I shall just make 
appropriate amendments to my copy.

Regards,

Mark.

-- 
Mark Hobley
Linux User: #370818  http://markhobley.yi.org/



------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 00:49:18 -0700 (PDT)
From: Vishal G <v3gupta@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: String Processing Basic Stuff
Message-Id: <5fc68f0d-668e-4f6c-8bbd-e4ac39307ef0@z18g2000prn.googlegroups.com>


Unitlength is 3 in this case




------------------------------

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 08:12:53 GMT
From: sln@netherlands.com
Subject: Re: String Processing Basic Stuff
Message-Id: <8v2rf4li8vcrkr4o7mcb37re5qkdhrae77@4ax.com>

On Mon, 20 Oct 2008 23:27:24 -0700 (PDT), Vishal G <v3gupta@gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi Guys,
>
>Very basic question....
>
>Please dont suggest to use other programing language or other data
>structure cause I can't...
>
>I read data from file and yes I have to slurp the whole thing to
>memory cause I can use upto 4GB...
>
>data in file is in this format
>
>30 56 78 34 2 39 87 (50 values per line, total of 120 million
>entries)
>
>reading file in paragraph mode
>
>Now I have to remove multiple spaces without using much memory
>
>This is what I have wrote (might be very low standard code for Gurus
>out there)
>
>It works but takes 5 mins consuming 600-700 MB, if I use substitution
>to achieve this it takes 4-5 GB and around 2-3 mins...
>
>Could you pls suggest way to process it faster using less memory
>possible...
>
>                # Process the string $_ to remove leading whitespaces,
>multiple whitespaces
>                # and to padd each value to same size
>                my $chr = '';
>                my $str = '';
>                my $value = '';
>                my $unitlength = $Alignment::BASEQUALITY_BYTES;
>                while (length($_) > 0) {
>                    if (($chr = substr($_, 0, 1, "")) ne " ") {
>                        $value = $value . $chr;
>                    } else {
>                        $str = $str . sprintf("%${unitlength}d",
>$value) if ($value);
>                        undef $value;
>                    }
>                }
>
>                # BQ field
>                $ace->{'BQ'}->{$name} = $str;
>
>                undef $str;
>                undef $chr;
>
>Thanks in advance
>
>Vishal

Not really clear on what you mean by 50 values per
line, or if you have slurped an 800 MB string in $_
Looks like your trying to shrink one string and grow
another.
The way you are doing it seems very granular.

Here are a couple approaches you could try if not
tried already.

sln

##############
# ???.pl
##############

use strict;
use warnings;

my $unitlength = 5;	#$Alignment::BASEQUALITY_BYTES;
my $line = '30 56 78 34 2 39 87 ';
my $str = $line;


# If its 50 values per line 
# do substitution
# ------------------------------
$str =~ s/\s*(\d+)/sprintf "%${unitlength}d", $1/ge;
$str =~ s/\s+$//;
print "'$str'\n";


# If its all on one huge line
# shrink one string, grow another
# (not sure this will save memory)
# ------------------------------------
my $newstr = '';
my $RxNumber = qr/\s*(\d+)/;

while ($str =~ s/$RxNumber//)
{
	$newstr .= (sprintf "%${unitlength}d", $1);
}
print "'$newstr'\n";

__END__

output:

'   30   56   78   34    2   39   87'
'   30   56   78   34    2   39   87'



------------------------------

Date: 21 Oct 2008 16:41:22 GMT
From: xhoster@gmail.com
Subject: Re: String Processing Basic Stuff
Message-Id: <20081021124147.486$1W@newsreader.com>

Vishal G <v3gupta@gmail.com> wrote:
>  Hi Guys,
>
> Very basic question....
>
> Please dont suggest to use other programing language or other data
> structure cause I can't...

If you can't use a different structure, at least for intermediates,
then you can't program.


> I read data from file and yes I have to slurp the whole thing to
> memory cause I can use upto 4GB...

Because you can do it that means you have to?  We can't you read line by
line, processing each line and appending the result to $str before moving
to the next?

>
> data in file is in this format
>
> 30 56 78 34 2 39 87 (50 values per line, total of 120 million
> entries)

So then, would this work to make an example file?
perl -le 'foreach (1..2.4e6) {print join " ", map int(rand()*99), 1..50}'


>
> reading file in paragraph mode

Why reading in paragraph mode?  From your format description, the data
is not formatted in paragraphs.

>
> Now I have to remove multiple spaces without using much memory
>
> This is what I have wrote (might be very low standard code for Gurus
> out there)
>
> It works but takes 5 mins consuming 600-700 MB,

When I try it, I get many many warnings which suggests that it is not
actually working correctly.


> if I use substitution
> to achieve this it takes 4-5 GB and around 2-3 mins...

How did you use substitution?


Starting your code indented half way across the screen isn't very helpful.
It just leads to messy line wrap problems.  I fixed that.

>    my $chr = '';
>    my $str = '';
>    my $value = '';
>    my $unitlength = $Alignment::BASEQUALITY_BYTES;
>    while (length($_) > 0) {
>       if (($chr = substr($_, 0, 1, "")) ne " ") {
>           $value = $value . $chr;
>       } else {
>           $str = $str . sprintf("%${unitlength}d", $value) if ($value);

I get:
Argument "67\n33" isn't numeric in sprintf....

>           undef $value;
>       }
>    }

Xho

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------------------------------

Date: 6 Apr 2001 21:33:47 GMT (Last modified)
From: Perl-Users-Request@ruby.oce.orst.edu (Perl-Users-Digest Admin) 
Subject: Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01)
Message-Id: <null>


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