[25214] in Perl-Users-Digest
Perl-Users Digest, Issue: 7459 Volume: 10
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Mon Nov 29 03:06:03 2004
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 00:05:07 -0800 (PST)
From: Perl-Users Digest <Perl-Users-Request@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU>
To: Perl-Users@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Perl-Users Digest Mon, 29 Nov 2004 Volume: 10 Number: 7459
Today's topics:
Re: 500 Can't connect to search.cpan.org:80 (Bad protoc <see@sig.invalid>
Re: Beginners question. $_ Variable. <jurgenex@hotmail.com>
FAQ 4.64: How can I get the unique keys from two hashes <comdog@panix.com>
hex to binary conversion <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Re: hex to binary conversion <tadmc@augustmail.com>
Re: hex to binary conversion <see@sig.invalid>
Re: hex to binary conversion <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Re: hex to binary conversion <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Re: Reaping dead children <nobull@mail.com>
Sorting (Mahesh)
Re: Sorting <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Re: Unix commands and perl <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Re: Unix commands and perl xhoster@gmail.com
Re: Unix commands and perl <apeiron@comcast.net>
Re: What is 1; <apeiron@comcast.net>
Re: What is 1; <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Re: What is 1; <nospam@nospam.com>
Re: What is 1; <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Re: What is 1; <nospam@nospam.com>
Re: What is 1; <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Re: What is 1; <nospam@nospam.com>
Re: What is 1; <karlUNDERSCOREkramsch@yahooPERIODcom.invalid>
Re: Win32API::Registry, RegOpenKeyEx fails [The paramet <nobull@mail.com>
Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01) (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 22:00:29 -0500
From: Bob Walton <see@sig.invalid>
Subject: Re: 500 Can't connect to search.cpan.org:80 (Bad protocol 'tcp') at web.plline 24.
Message-Id: <41aa8e4c$1_5@127.0.0.1>
Peter Wyzl wrote:
> "Bob Walton" <see@sig.invalid> wrote in message
> news:41a95acb$1_4@127.0.0.1...
> : Nirvana wrote:
...
> command.com and cmd.exe both understand / as well as \ for directory
> seperators.
Bull****. A / does not work as a directory separator in DOS or Windoze,
and never has -- it is a command options or "switch" designator:
D:\junk>dir d:/junk
Invalid switch - "junk".
D:\junk>ver
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
D:\junk>
...
--
Bob Walton
Email: http://bwalton.com/cgi-bin/emailbob.pl
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 00:23:01 GMT
From: "Jürgen Exner" <jurgenex@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: Beginners question. $_ Variable.
Message-Id: <FZtqd.3204$Hk6.265@trnddc05>
Mitchell Hulscher wrote:
> Since a few weeks I've been trying to learn Perl and so far it's
> been going quite good.
> My only problem is that I can't really figure out what the $_
> variable does or is.
$_ is simply the default variable, which is used by _many_ Perl functions
and operators unless the user explicitely specifies a different variable or
value. To see which functions and operators use $_ by default you need to
check the documentation for each function.
E.g. 'perldoc -f print':
If LIST is also omitted, prints "$_" [...]
Or 'perldoc -f split':
If EXPR is omitted, splits the "$_" string.
Or 'perldoc perlop' the s operator:
If no string is specified via the "=~" or "!~" operator, the
"$_" variable is searched and modified.
Very often $_ is set using the standard pattern
while (<FOO>) {
# do something with $_
}
which reads the file that is associated with the file handle FOO line by
line into $_
jue
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 05:03:01 +0000 (UTC)
From: PerlFAQ Server <comdog@panix.com>
Subject: FAQ 4.64: How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
Message-Id: <coeai5$d9l$1@reader1.panix.com>
This message is one of several periodic postings to comp.lang.perl.misc
intended to make it easier for perl programmers to find answers to
common questions. The core of this message represents an excerpt
from the documentation provided with Perl.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
4.64: How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
First you extract the keys from the hashes into lists, then solve the
"removing duplicates" problem described above. For example:
%seen = ();
for $element (keys(%foo), keys(%bar)) {
$seen{$element}++;
}
@uniq = keys %seen;
Or more succinctly:
@uniq = keys %{{%foo,%bar}};
Or if you really want to save space:
%seen = ();
while (defined ($key = each %foo)) {
$seen{$key}++;
}
while (defined ($key = each %bar)) {
$seen{$key}++;
}
@uniq = keys %seen;
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Documents such as this have been called "Answers to Frequently
Asked Questions" or FAQ for short. They represent an important
part of the Usenet tradition. They serve to reduce the volume of
redundant traffic on a news group by providing quality answers to
questions that keep coming up.
If you are some how irritated by seeing these postings you are free
to ignore them or add the sender to your killfile. If you find
errors or other problems with these postings please send corrections
or comments to the posting email address or to the maintainers as
directed in the perlfaq manual page.
Note that the FAQ text posted by this server may have been modified
from that distributed in the stable Perl release. It may have been
edited to reflect the additions, changes and corrections provided
by respondents, reviewers, and critics to previous postings of
these FAQ. Complete text of these FAQ are available on request.
The perlfaq manual page contains the following copyright notice.
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1997-2002 Tom Christiansen and Nathan
Torkington, and other contributors as noted. All rights
reserved.
This posting is provided in the hope that it will be useful but
does not represent a commitment or contract of any kind on the part
of the contributers, authors or their agents.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 15:00:30 +1300
From: "Jeffrey Ross" <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Subject: hex to binary conversion
Message-Id: <41aa7ee2$1@news.iconz.co.nz>
Hi.
I can convert "414243" to "ABC" using awk (see below) but wonder if there's
a simpler way of doing it in Perl.
perl -e 'printf "%c", hex("41")' # works for a single
hard-coded 2-character string
How do I do it for lines of arbitrary length?
My awk equivalent is:
awk 'BEGIN {for (i=0;i<=15;i++){
for (j=0;j<=15;j++){a[sprintf("%x%x",i,j)]=i*16+j}
}
}
{
for (i=1;i<=length($0);i+=2) {
x=tolower(substr($0,i,1))
y=tolower(substr($0,i+1,1))
printf "%c",a[x y]
}
print ""
}'
TIA.
Jeffrey
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 21:03:15 -0600
From: Tad McClellan <tadmc@augustmail.com>
Subject: Re: hex to binary conversion
Message-Id: <slrncql4bj.pg3.tadmc@magna.augustmail.com>
Jeffrey Ross <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam> wrote:
> I can convert "414243" to "ABC" using awk
Did you know that one of the programs that comes with the perl
distribution is an awk-to-perl converter?
man a2p
(but the Perl version is as horrid as the awk version)
> a simpler way of doing it in Perl.
> perl -e 'printf "%c", hex("41")' # works for a single
> hard-coded 2-character string
>
> How do I do it for lines
"lines"?
What "lines"?
> of arbitrary length?
You must have meant "strings" instead of "lines", yes?
Assuming that $_ contains the string:
print chr hex for /(..)/g;
or
print map chr hex, /(..)/g;
or
print chr hex for split /(..)/;
or
print map chr hex, split /(..)/;
[snip awk code, we don't want that here where some innocent kid
might see it...]
--
Tad McClellan SGML consulting
tadmc@augustmail.com Perl programming
Fort Worth, Texas
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 22:13:05 -0500
From: Bob Walton <see@sig.invalid>
Subject: Re: hex to binary conversion
Message-Id: <41aa9141$1_3@127.0.0.1>
Jeffrey Ross wrote:
...
> I can convert "414243" to "ABC" using awk (see below) but wonder if there's
> a simpler way of doing it in Perl.
> perl -e 'printf "%c", hex("41")' # works for a single
> hard-coded 2-character string
>
> How do I do it for lines of arbitrary length?
>
> My awk equivalent is:
...
> TIA.
Try:
use strict;
use warnings;
my $string='414243';
$string=~s/([\da-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
print $string;
>
> Jeffrey
--
Bob Walton
Email: http://bwalton.com/cgi-bin/emailbob.pl
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 17:29:22 +1300
From: "Jeffrey Ross" <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Subject: Re: hex to binary conversion
Message-Id: <41aaa1c6$1@news.iconz.co.nz>
"Bob Walton" <see@sig.invalid> wrote in message
news:41aa9141$1_3@127.0.0.1...
> Jeffrey Ross wrote:
>
> ...
> > I can convert "414243" to "ABC" using awk (see below) but wonder if
there's
> > a simpler way of doing it in Perl.
> > perl -e 'printf "%c", hex("41")' # works for a single
> > hard-coded 2-character string
> >
> > How do I do it for lines of arbitrary length?
> >
> > My awk equivalent is:
> ...
> > TIA.
>
> Try:
>
> use strict;
> use warnings;
> my $string='414243';
> $string=~s/([\da-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
> print $string;
> >
> > Jeffrey
>
> --
> Bob Walton
Thanks, Bob.
That's scary (but the sort of thing I wanted)!
Jeffrey.
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 17:31:54 +1300
From: "Jeffrey Ross" <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam>
Subject: Re: hex to binary conversion
Message-Id: <41aaa25e$1@news.iconz.co.nz>
"Tad McClellan" <tadmc@augustmail.com> wrote in message
news:slrncql4bj.pg3.tadmc@magna.augustmail.com...
> Jeffrey Ross <jeffrey.rossATairways.co.nz@no.spam> wrote:
>
> > I can convert "414243" to "ABC" using awk
>
>
> Did you know that one of the programs that comes with the perl
> distribution is an awk-to-perl converter?
>
> man a2p
>
> (but the Perl version is as horrid as the awk version)
>
>
> > a simpler way of doing it in Perl.
> > perl -e 'printf "%c", hex("41")' # works for a single
> > hard-coded 2-character string
> >
> > How do I do it for lines
>
>
> "lines"?
>
> What "lines"?
>
>
> > of arbitrary length?
>
>
> You must have meant "strings" instead of "lines", yes?
>
>
> Assuming that $_ contains the string:
>
> print chr hex for /(..)/g;
> or
> print map chr hex, /(..)/g;
> or
> print chr hex for split /(..)/;
> or
> print map chr hex, split /(..)/;
>
Yes, "lines" = "strings".
Thanks for the neat solution.
Jeffrey
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 23:05:43 +0000
From: Brian McCauley <nobull@mail.com>
Subject: Re: Reaping dead children
Message-Id: <codlk8$d91$1@slavica.ukpost.com>
I seem to be dogged with Usenet posting problems. Let's try again...
Mike Dowling wrote:
> I'm having problems reaping my dead children.
>
> I have written a perl script that starts a monster program that
> determines optimal schedules for my companies power plants. It can
> happen that the optimisation software takes hours, months, or years.
> Obviously, we would like to interrupt the program when that happens, but
> my perl script is blocked until the monster finishes, or until it's
> interrupted. So I start a second process with "fork" that writes info
> from the log file that the monster is continually writing. I don't want
> that second process to become a zombie,
Why not just let the zombies persist until the monster has finished then
explicitly reap using waitpid($pid,0)? No need for handlers.
------------------------------
Date: 28 Nov 2004 21:43:13 -0800
From: palemmahesh@yahoo.co.in (Mahesh)
Subject: Sorting
Message-Id: <cf3354e2.0411282143.6157e6a4@posting.google.com>
I had a two dimensional array.
Suppose it is a student array where student[0] represents the student
name and student[1] represents the date-of-birth of student.
I want to sort the student array based on student[0] column so that
the association between the name and dateofbirth remains same...
Is there any way that I can sort a multi dimensional array based on
some column.
Please help me in this issue..
Thanks in Advance,
Mahesh
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 00:56:31 -0500
From: Sherm Pendley <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Subject: Re: Sorting
Message-Id: <J8GdnY3GjvuSJzfcRVn-sQ@adelphia.com>
Mahesh wrote:
> I had a two dimensional array.
>
> Suppose it is a student array where student[0] represents the student
> name and student[1] represents the date-of-birth of student.
It might be better to represent each student record as a hash, resulting
in an array of hashes instead of an array of arrays - but that's a
different question.
> I want to sort the student array based on student[0] column so that
> the association between the name and dateofbirth remains same...
Okay, let's start with a two-dimensional array with a few students:
my $list_of_students = [
[ 'Charlie Brown', '1995-07-01' ],
[ 'Peppermint Pattie', '1995-03-10' ],
[ 'Linus', '1995-08-20' ],
];
The above is a two-dimensional array, or "list of lists" in Perl
parlance. See 'perldoc perllol' for details.
> Is there any way that I can sort a multi dimensional array based on
> some column.
Easy, just supply a comparison function to Perl's built-in sort() function:
my @sorted_students = sort { $a->[1] cmp $b->[1] } @$list_of_students;
> Please help me in this issue..
This is just a quick example - for a full discussion see:
perldoc -q sort
perldoc -f sort
sherm--
--
Cocoa programming in Perl: http://camelbones.sourceforge.net
Hire me! My resume: http://www.dot-app.org
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 18:40:16 -0500
From: Sherm Pendley <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Subject: Re: Unix commands and perl
Message-Id: <Ou-dnT-FO5t9_DfcRVn-3Q@adelphia.com>
AS wrote:
> I need to take the output of one command put it into the next one use
> that ooutput in a third command. e.g.,
> system ('id | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d\( -f2 | cut -d\) -f1');
Is that your real code? If so, you have the quoting mixed up - that
doesn't even parse.
Fix the quoting by escaping the inner set of single quotes like this:
'... | awk \'{print $2}\' | ...'
sherm--
--
Cocoa programming in Perl: http://camelbones.sourceforge.net
Hire me! My resume: http://www.dot-app.org
------------------------------
Date: 29 Nov 2004 00:17:10 GMT
From: xhoster@gmail.com
Subject: Re: Unix commands and perl
Message-Id: <20041128191710.789$Hr@newsreader.com>
solanki1961@yahoo.com (AS) wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I tried to run a set of Unix commands (separated by |) using the
> 'system' command from a perl script, but only a single command works.
> What is a good way to do this?
>
> I need to take the output of one command put it into the next one use
> that ooutput in a third command. e.g.,
> system ('id | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d\( -f2 | cut -d\) -f1');
That doesn't compile. It gives up when you juxtapose the string
'id | awk '
next to the apparent hash reference
{print $2}
with out an operator.
And system doesn't capture the output of whatever it runs, anyway.
You want backticks or qx.
> This command in itself gives me the current user's set primary group
> in Unix (Solaris)
Since you are using Perl anyway, why not just use `id` and then parse the
result in Perl?
Xho
--
-------------------- http://NewsReader.Com/ --------------------
Usenet Newsgroup Service $9.95/Month 30GB
------------------------------
Date: 29 Nov 2004 01:16:37 GMT
From: Christopher Nehren <apeiron@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: Unix commands and perl
Message-Id: <slrncqku3l.1e52.apeiron@prophecy.dyndns.org>
On 2004-11-29, xhoster@gmail.com scribbled these
curious markings:
> Since you are using Perl anyway, why not just use `id` and then parse the
> result in Perl?
Or use one or a couple of the get* functions, which has the benefit of
not returning tainted data.
--
I abhor a system designed for the "user", if that word is a coded
pejorative meaning "stupid and unsophisticated". -- Ken Thompson
Linux: "How rebellious ... in a conformist sort of way."
Unix is user friendly. However, it isn't idiot friendly.
------------------------------
Date: 28 Nov 2004 23:29:11 GMT
From: Christopher Nehren <apeiron@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <slrncqknq7.1vcl.apeiron@prophecy.dyndns.org>
On 2004-11-28, daniel kaplan scribbled these
curious markings:
> "Ian Pellew" <ipellew@pipemedia.co.uk> wrote in message
> news:30875970.0411250714.30fb8502@posting.google.com...
>> Hi all;
>>
>> What does the
>> 1;
>> line of a perl script do?
>
> nothing....it generates code, but serves no purpose....it is the smallest
> and simplest progrma you could write....
Uhm, what? It's the traditional last line of a module or other simlarly
included file placed at the end of said file to ensure that the module's
code returns a true value to the require() (and thus use()) call. Note
that other values which return true are also acceptable.
> not sure under what context you came across that line of code, but other
> that the use below, i know of no other purpose it would be used for...."as
> you typed it"
Probably at the end of a module or similarly included file. :) If you
know of no other purpose, then you really should read 'perldoc -f
require' and perldoc perlmod.
> perl -MNet::POP3 -e 1
Actually, you could do:
perl -MNet::POP3
which executes
use Net::POP3 (); .
--
I abhor a system designed for the "user", if that word is a coded
pejorative meaning "stupid and unsophisticated". -- Ken Thompson
Linux: "How rebellious ... in a conformist sort of way."
Unix is user friendly. However, it isn't idiot friendly.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 18:34:45 -0500
From: Sherm Pendley <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <Gs-dnaOSWc0B_TfcRVn-vQ@adelphia.com>
daniel kaplan wrote:
> it generates code, but serves no purpose
Daniel, several people have already pointed out that it does have a
purpose, and what that purpose is. Can't you read?
sherm--
--
Cocoa programming in Perl: http://camelbones.sourceforge.net
Hire me! My resume: http://www.dot-app.org
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 18:45:57 -0500
From: "daniel kaplan" <nospam@nospam.com>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <1101685636.996418@nntp.acecape.com>
"Christopher Nehren" <apeiron@comcast.net> wrote in message
news:slrncqknq7.1vcl.apeiron@prophecy.dyndns.org...
> Uhm, what? It's the traditional last line of a module or other simlarly
> included file placed at the end of said file to ensure that the module's
> code returns a true value to the require() (and thus use()) call. Note
> that other values which return true are also acceptable.
am new to perl, but shoudln't that be done wiht an exit()?
am new to perl, but please let me know,
thanks
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 19:03:11 -0500
From: Sherm Pendley <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <eO-dnS36k_ii-jfcRVn-ug@adelphia.com>
daniel kaplan wrote:
> am new to perl, but shoudln't that be done wiht an exit()?
No it shouldn't, and you've been told that before. Can't you read?
sherm--
--
Cocoa programming in Perl: http://camelbones.sourceforge.net
Hire me! My resume: http://www.dot-app.org
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 19:02:02 -0500
From: "daniel kaplan" <nospam@nospam.com>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <1101686601.244661@nntp.acecape.com>
"daniel kaplan" <nospam@nospam.com> wrote in message
news:1101685636.996418@nntp.acecape.com...
> am new to perl, but shoudln't that be done wiht an exit()?
>
> am new to perl, but please let me know,
>
> thanks
>
>
or with a return as well?
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 19:07:08 -0500
From: Sherm Pendley <spamtrap@dot-app.org>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <eO-dnSz6k_ix9TfcRVn-ug@adelphia.com>
daniel kaplan wrote:
> or with a return as well?
If you'd read the docs for the return() function, you wouldn't need to
guess about what it does.
sherm--
--
Cocoa programming in Perl: http://camelbones.sourceforge.net
Hire me! My resume: http://www.dot-app.org
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 19:25:44 -0500
From: "daniel kaplan" <nospam@nospam.com>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <1101688023.946447@nntp.acecape.com>
"Christopher Nehren" <apeiron@comcast.net> wrote in message
>... module's
> code returns a true value to the require() (and thus use()) call. Note
> that other values which return true are also acceptable.
ah just caught the "module" word, obviously this isn;t something i have
reached yet, am grateful enough that i can write a standalone perl
script....thanks...will make sure i mark that down when i get to that part
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2004 00:54:47 +0000 (UTC)
From: KKramsch <karlUNDERSCOREkramsch@yahooPERIODcom.invalid>
Subject: Re: What is 1;
Message-Id: <cods0n$946$1@reader1.panix.com>
The use of 1 (or any other Perl true value) at the end of a module
(which many responders have already mentioned) is the only documented
use I know of such a line I know of, but in my code there many such
lines strewn about all over the place, left behind from debugging
sessions. The reason is that when I run a program in the Perl
debugger quite often it happens that even when I issue a debugger
command such as "c 50" the debugger will advance the program up to
line 50, but instead of stopping, it executes line 50 and proceeds
past it without stopping. I've never understood why this is, but
I've found that if I insert a line such as
1;
right before (the former) line 50, then "c 50" does bring the
program up to line 50 (i.e. the new "1;" line) and no further, as
desired. Klugey and clueless but functional. If there's a more
civilized way to deal with this situation I'd love to hear about
it.
Karl
--
Sent from a spam-bucket account; I check it once in a blue moon. If
you still want to e-mail me, cut out the extension from my address,
and make the obvious substitutions on what's left.
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 28 Nov 2004 23:26:55 +0000
From: Brian McCauley <nobull@mail.com>
Subject: Re: Win32API::Registry, RegOpenKeyEx fails [The parameter is incorrect]
Message-Id: <codms2$dcq$1@slavica.ukpost.com>
Rene Nyffenegger wrote:
> When I run the code appended further down, the call
> to RegOpenKeyEx fails and regLastError() returns
> "The parameter is incorrect".
>
> As far as I can see, all is correct, but obviously, it isn't.
> If someone gave me a helpful tip, I'd be very grateful.
I suggest you avoid the low level module and use the higher level
Tie::Registry. Not only because it's a lot simpler and this is what the
documentation of Win32API::Registry suggests but also because the
Win32API::* documentation is so full of errors and contradictions that
it's nigh on imposible to tell if you are using them correctly.
------------------------------
Date: 6 Apr 2001 21:33:47 GMT (Last modified)
From: Perl-Users-Request@ruby.oce.orst.edu (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)
Subject: Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01)
Message-Id: <null>
Administrivia:
#The Perl-Users Digest is a retransmission of the USENET newsgroup
#comp.lang.perl.misc. For subscription or unsubscription requests, send
#the single line:
#
# subscribe perl-users
#or:
# unsubscribe perl-users
#
#to almanac@ruby.oce.orst.edu.
NOTE: due to the current flood of worm email banging on ruby, the smtp
server on ruby has been shut off until further notice.
To submit articles to comp.lang.perl.announce, send your article to
clpa@perl.com.
#To request back copies (available for a week or so), send your request
#to almanac@ruby.oce.orst.edu with the command "send perl-users x.y",
#where x is the volume number and y is the issue number.
#For other requests pertaining to the digest, send mail to
#perl-users-request@ruby.oce.orst.edu. Do not waste your time or mine
#sending perl questions to the -request address, I don't have time to
#answer them even if I did know the answer.
------------------------------
End of Perl-Users Digest V10 Issue 7459
***************************************
