[25112] in Perl-Users-Digest
Perl-Users Digest, Issue: 7362 Volume: 10
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Fri Nov 5 09:10:57 2004
Date: Fri, 5 Nov 2004 06:10:09 -0800 (PST)
From: Perl-Users Digest <Perl-Users-Request@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU>
To: Perl-Users@ruby.OCE.ORST.EDU (Perl-Users Digest)
Perl-Users Digest Fri, 5 Nov 2004 Volume: 10 Number: 7362
Today's topics:
Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision: tadmc@augustmail.com
Re: Q: re Inline and Benchmark <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Regex for all word "boundaries" (was: FAQ 6.17: Why don <jboes@qtm.net>
Re: Solaris taking over Perl ownership <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" messages with <do-not-use@invalid.net>
Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" messages with (Anno Siegel)
Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" with -w, redu <peter@semantico.com>
Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" with -w, redu <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01) (Perl-Users-Digest Admin)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 05 Nov 2004 08:23:24 GMT
From: tadmc@augustmail.com
Subject: Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision: 1.5 $)
Message-Id: <418b387b$0$28453$8b463f8a@news.nationwide.net>
Outline
Before posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
Must
- Check the Perl Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Check the other standard Perl docs (*.pod)
Really Really Should
- Lurk for a while before posting
- Search a Usenet archive
If You Like
- Check Other Resources
Posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
Is there a better place to ask your question?
- Question should be about Perl, not about the application area
How to participate (post) in the clpmisc community
- Carefully choose the contents of your Subject header
- Use an effective followup style
- Speak Perl rather than English, when possible
- Ask perl to help you
- Do not re-type Perl code
- Provide enough information
- Do not provide too much information
- Do not post binaries, HTML, or MIME
Social faux pas to avoid
- Asking a Frequently Asked Question
- Asking a question easily answered by a cursory doc search
- Asking for emailed answers
- Beware of saying "doesn't work"
- Sending a "stealth" Cc copy
Be extra cautious when you get upset
- Count to ten before composing a followup when you are upset
- Count to ten after composing and before posting when you are upset
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Posting Guidelines for comp.lang.perl.misc ($Revision: 1.5 $)
This newsgroup, commonly called clpmisc, is a technical newsgroup
intended to be used for discussion of Perl related issues (except job
postings), whether it be comments or questions.
As you would expect, clpmisc discussions are usually very technical in
nature and there are conventions for conduct in technical newsgroups
going somewhat beyond those in non-technical newsgroups.
The article at:
http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html
describes how to get answers from technical people in general.
This article describes things that you should, and should not, do to
increase your chances of getting an answer to your Perl question. It is
available in POD, HTML and plain text formats at:
http://mail.augustmail.com/~tadmc/clpmisc.shtml
For more information about netiquette in general, see the "Netiquette
Guidelines" at:
http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/rfc/rfc1855.html
A note to newsgroup "regulars":
Do not use these guidelines as a "license to flame" or other
meanness. It is possible that a poster is unaware of things
discussed here. Give them the benefit of the doubt, and just
help them learn how to post, rather than assume
A note about technical terms used here:
In this document, we use words like "must" and "should" as
they're used in technical conversation (such as you will
encounter in this newsgroup). When we say that you *must* do
something, we mean that if you don't do that something, then
it's unlikely that you will benefit much from this group.
We're not bossing you around; we're making the point without
lots of words.
Do *NOT* send email to the maintainer of these guidelines. It will be
discarded unread. The guidelines belong to the newsgroup so all
discussion should appear in the newsgroup. I am just the secretary that
writes down the consensus of the group.
Before posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
Must
This section describes things that you *must* do before posting to
clpmisc, in order to maximize your chances of getting meaningful replies
to your inquiry and to avoid getting flamed for being lazy and trying to
have others do your work.
The perl distribution includes documentation that is copied to your hard
drive when you install perl. Also installed is a program for looking
things up in that (and other) documentation named 'perldoc'.
You should either find out where the docs got installed on your system,
or use perldoc to find them for you. Type "perldoc perldoc" to learn how
to use perldoc itself. Type "perldoc perl" to start reading Perl's
standard documentation.
Check the Perl Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Checking the FAQ before posting is required in Big 8 newsgroups in
general, there is nothing clpmisc-specific about this requirement.
You are expected to do this in nearly all newsgroups.
You can use the "-q" switch with perldoc to do a word search of the
questions in the Perl FAQs.
Check the other standard Perl docs (*.pod)
The perl distribution comes with much more documentation than is
available for most other newsgroups, so in clpmisc you should also
see if you can find an answer in the other (non-FAQ) standard docs
before posting.
It is *not* required, or even expected, that you actually *read* all of
Perl's standard docs, only that you spend a few minutes searching them
before posting.
Try doing a word-search in the standard docs for some words/phrases
taken from your problem statement or from your very carefully worded
"Subject:" header.
Really Really Should
This section describes things that you *really should* do before posting
to clpmisc.
Lurk for a while before posting
This is very important and expected in all newsgroups. Lurking means
to monitor a newsgroup for a period to become familiar with local
customs. Each newsgroup has specific customs and rituals. Knowing
these before you participate will help avoid embarrassing social
situations. Consider yourself to be a foreigner at first!
Search a Usenet archive
There are tens of thousands of Perl programmers. It is very likely
that your question has already been asked (and answered). See if you
can find where it has already been answered.
One such searchable archive is:
http://groups.google.com/advanced_group_search
If You Like
This section describes things that you *can* do before posting to
clpmisc.
Check Other Resources
You may want to check in books or on web sites to see if you can
find the answer to your question.
But you need to consider the source of such information: there are a
lot of very poor Perl books and web sites, and several good ones
too, of course.
Posting to comp.lang.perl.misc
There can be 200 messages in clpmisc in a single day. Nobody is going to
read every article. They must decide somehow which articles they are
going to read, and which they will skip.
Your post is in competition with 199 other posts. You need to "win"
before a person who can help you will even read your question.
These sections describe how you can help keep your article from being
one of the "skipped" ones.
Is there a better place to ask your question?
Question should be about Perl, not about the application area
It can be difficult to separate out where your problem really is,
but you should make a conscious effort to post to the most
applicable newsgroup. That is, after all, where you are the most
likely to find the people who know how to answer your question.
Being able to "partition" a problem is an essential skill for
effectively troubleshooting programming problems. If you don't get
that right, you end up looking for answers in the wrong places.
It should be understood that you may not know that the root of your
problem is not Perl-related (the two most frequent ones are CGI and
Operating System related), so off-topic postings will happen from
time to time. Be gracious when someone helps you find a better place
to ask your question by pointing you to a more applicable newsgroup.
How to participate (post) in the clpmisc community
Carefully choose the contents of your Subject header
You have 40 precious characters of Subject to win out and be one of
the posts that gets read. Don't waste them. Take care while
composing them, they are the key that opens the door to getting an
answer.
Spend them indicating what aspect of Perl others will find if they
should decide to read your article.
Do not spend them indicating "experience level" (guru, newbie...).
Do not spend them pleading (please read, urgent, help!...).
Do not spend them on non-Subjects (Perl question, one-word
Subject...)
For more information on choosing a Subject see "Choosing Good
Subject Lines":
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/D/DM/DMR/subjects.post
Part of the beauty of newsgroup dynamics, is that you can contribute
to the community with your very first post! If your choice of
Subject leads a fellow Perler to find the thread you are starting,
then even asking a question helps us all.
Use an effective followup style
When composing a followup, quote only enough text to establish the
context for the comments that you will add. Always indicate who
wrote the quoted material. Never quote an entire article. Never
quote a .signature (unless that is what you are commenting on).
Intersperse your comments *following* each section of quoted text to
which they relate. Unappreciated followup styles are referred to as
"top-posting", "Jeopardy" (because the answer comes before the
question), or "TOFU" (Text Over, Fullquote Under).
Reversing the chronology of the dialog makes it much harder to
understand (some folks won't even read it if written in that style).
For more information on quoting style, see:
http://web.presby.edu/~nnqadmin/nnq/nquote.html
Speak Perl rather than English, when possible
Perl is much more precise than natural language. Saying it in Perl
instead will avoid misunderstanding your question or problem.
Do not say: I have variable with "foo\tbar" in it.
Instead say: I have $var = "foo\tbar", or I have $var = 'foo\tbar',
or I have $var = <DATA> (and show the data line).
Ask perl to help you
You can ask perl itself to help you find common programming mistakes
by doing two things: enable warnings (perldoc warnings) and enable
"strict"ures (perldoc strict).
You should not bother the hundreds/thousands of readers of the
newsgroup without first seeing if a machine can help you find your
problem. It is demeaning to be asked to do the work of a machine. It
will annoy the readers of your article.
You can look up any of the messages that perl might issue to find
out what the message means and how to resolve the potential mistake
(perldoc perldiag). If you would like perl to look them up for you,
you can put "use diagnostics;" near the top of your program.
Do not re-type Perl code
Use copy/paste or your editor's "import" function rather than
attempting to type in your code. If you make a typo you will get
followups about your typos instead of about the question you are
trying to get answered.
Provide enough information
If you do the things in this item, you will have an Extremely Good
chance of getting people to try and help you with your problem!
These features are a really big bonus toward your question winning
out over all of the other posts that you are competing with.
First make a short (less than 20-30 lines) and *complete* program
that illustrates the problem you are having. People should be able
to run your program by copy/pasting the code from your article. (You
will find that doing this step very often reveals your problem
directly. Leading to an answer much more quickly and reliably than
posting to Usenet.)
Describe *precisely* the input to your program. Also provide example
input data for your program. If you need to show file input, use the
__DATA__ token (perldata.pod) to provide the file contents inside of
your Perl program.
Show the output (including the verbatim text of any messages) of
your program.
Describe how you want the output to be different from what you are
getting.
If you have no idea at all of how to code up your situation, be sure
to at least describe the 2 things that you *do* know: input and
desired output.
Do not provide too much information
Do not just post your entire program for debugging. Most especially
do not post someone *else's* entire program.
Do not post binaries, HTML, or MIME
clpmisc is a text only newsgroup. If you have images or binaries
that explain your question, put them in a publically accessible
place (like a Web server) and provide a pointer to that location. If
you include code, cut and paste it directly in the message body.
Don't attach anything to the message. Don't post vcards or HTML.
Many people (and even some Usenet servers) will automatically filter
out such messages. Many people will not be able to easily read your
post. Plain text is something everyone can read.
Social faux pas to avoid
The first two below are symptoms of lots of FAQ asking here in clpmisc.
It happens so often that folks will assume that it is happening yet
again. If you have looked but not found, or found but didn't understand
the docs, say so in your article.
Asking a Frequently Asked Question
It should be understood that you may have missed the applicable FAQ
when you checked, which is not a big deal. But if the Frequently
Asked Question is worded similar to your question, folks will assume
that you did not look at all. Don't become indignant at pointers to
the FAQ, particularly if it solves your problem.
Asking a question easily answered by a cursory doc search
If folks think you have not even tried the obvious step of reading
the docs applicable to your problem, they are likely to become
annoyed.
If you are flamed for not checking when you *did* check, then just
shrug it off (and take the answer that you got).
Asking for emailed answers
Emailed answers benefit one person. Posted answers benefit the
entire community. If folks can take the time to answer your
question, then you can take the time to go get the answer in the
same place where you asked the question.
It is OK to ask for a *copy* of the answer to be emailed, but many
will ignore such requests anyway. If you munge your address, you
should never expect (or ask) to get email in response to a Usenet
post.
Ask the question here, get the answer here (maybe).
Beware of saying "doesn't work"
This is a "red flag" phrase. If you find yourself writing that,
pause and see if you can't describe what is not working without
saying "doesn't work". That is, describe how it is not what you
want.
Sending a "stealth" Cc copy
A "stealth Cc" is when you both email and post a reply without
indicating *in the body* that you are doing so.
Be extra cautious when you get upset
Count to ten before composing a followup when you are upset
This is recommended in all Usenet newsgroups. Here in clpmisc, most
flaming sub-threads are not about any feature of Perl at all! They
are most often for what was seen as a breach of netiquette. If you
have lurked for a bit, then you will know what is expected and won't
make such posts in the first place.
But if you get upset, wait a while before writing your followup. I
recommend waiting at least 30 minutes.
Count to ten after composing and before posting when you are upset
After you have written your followup, wait *another* 30 minutes
before committing yourself by posting it. You cannot take it back
once it has been said.
AUTHOR
Tad McClellan <tadmc@augustmail.com> and many others on the
comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 14:33:36 +0100
From: Michele Dondi <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Subject: Re: Q: re Inline and Benchmark
Message-Id: <9ovmo09be199b45bp8sou7ked45uoru0k4@4ax.com>
On Fri, 05 Nov 2004 02:14:19 +0000, Sisyphus
<kalinaubears@iinet.net.au> wrote:
>'sisyphus2()' is the same as 'sisyphus()' except that it attends to the
>"wastefulness" issue (hopefully :-). You can probably convert the 2
>lines inside the for loop into a single line, and thus dispense with any
>need for declaring a 'char' .... I'm not going to worry about *that*
>wastefulness right now :-) What does puzzle me a little is that it
>produces a "Use of uninitialized value in subroutine entry" warning and
>I haven't yet worked out why. What on earth is perl on about there ??
I don't think that that "wastefulness" would be a major issue, so I
just wouldn't bother. OTOH I'm amazed at how even a seemingly simple
task like this, analized sufficiently in depth is revealing so many
facets and hints to learn new things...
>Note that (for the purposes of my test) I changed the length of the
>random string from 20000 to 20.
>
>For some reason the length returned by 'abigail()' is usually 21. I
Ditto as above. Good point changing the length to 20, for probably one
wouldn't have noticed otherwise. I suspect you didn't actually check
the length first, but printed to STDOUT (with some filtering,
obviously) and noticed something strange, didn't you?
>suspect you're also getting the trailing NULL character in strings that
>it returns. However, on Linux, that 21st character often shows up as a
>'1'. I can't explain that. On a couple of occasions it returned a string
Huh?!?
>that was less than 20 characters long - perhaps because of an embedded
>NULL character in the string, so it probably pays to check that you get
>the full quota returned.
Ditto as above! Many good points IMHO make all this stuff an
interesting case study...
TY,
Michele
--
{$_=pack'B8'x25,unpack'A8'x32,$a^=sub{pop^pop}->(map substr
(($a||=join'',map--$|x$_,(unpack'w',unpack'u','G^<R<Y]*YB='
.'KYU;*EVH[.FHF2W+#"\Z*5TI/ER<Z`S(G.DZZ9OX0Z')=~/./g)x2,$_,
256),7,249);s/[^\w,]/ /g;$ \=/^J/?$/:"\r";print,redo}#JAPH,
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 08:38:01 -0500
From: Jeff Boes <jboes@qtm.net>
Subject: Regex for all word "boundaries" (was: FAQ 6.17: Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?)
Message-Id: <1099662001.UtFwwd6gF7upSm3SOfe9Pw@teranews>
At some point in time, PerlFAQ Server <comdog@panix.com> wrote:
>6.17: Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?
>
> Two common misconceptions are that "\b" is a synonym for "\s+" and that
> it's the edge between whitespace characters and non-whitespace
> characters. Neither is correct. "\b" is the place between a "\w"
> character and a "\W" character (that is, "\b" is the edge of a "word").
> It's a zero-width assertion, just like "^", "$", and all the other
> anchors, so it doesn't consume any characters.
On a related note:
Often I'm faced with writing regexs which require (but are not limited to)
finding the edge of words. For instance, if "_" was a zero-width entity I'd want
to match it in this text:
" _first_ _second_ _third_"
I.e., I need to find the points at which the string transits from being "In a
word" to being "Not in a word" and vice-versa; this includes the point just
before the first word-like character -- which may or may not be the first
character of the string -- and the point just after the last word-like character
-- again, could be the last character, or maybe not.
Any elegant ways to do this? I end up with something like:
(?:^|\b)\w+(?:\b|$)
--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| Genius may have its limitations, but stupidity is not
Jeff Boes | thus handicapped.
jboes@qtm.net | --Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915), American author
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 14:33:33 +0100
From: Michele Dondi <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Subject: Re: Solaris taking over Perl ownership
Message-Id: <f8vmo05jevahql9oumt6ouiil3j4ggs1ei@4ax.com>
On Fri, 5 Nov 2004 14:03:41 +1100, "Andrew Hamm" <ahamm@mail.com>
wrote:
>Changing #! lines is a pain in the proverbial when there are many sites.
>This is the first time I've heard of the O/S trying to impose rules, but
>at least there's a suitable workaround.
Personally I've never had anything even remotely of vaguely to do with
Solaris. But your claim as is not supported by evidence: everybody can
come up with dozenths examples of osen imposing rules, and that is
reasonable too. However, as of what I'm reading right now, what is
even more reasonable IMHO is Solaris' policy you seem to be so
astonished at.
In fact if I understand correctly they're not taking away your freedom
to install whatever version of Perl you may like, and to use that as
your 'usr/bin/perl'-interpreter. They are only requiring you to avoid
removing the version shipped with the OS, which is quite reasonable if
that's an essential part of the OS iteself.
Also, still if I understand correctly, you should not be urged to
change any shebang line at all. But should you really need to do it,
then it would be much less of a PITA with the help of Perl itself,
wouldn't it?
Michele
--
{$_=pack'B8'x25,unpack'A8'x32,$a^=sub{pop^pop}->(map substr
(($a||=join'',map--$|x$_,(unpack'w',unpack'u','G^<R<Y]*YB='
.'KYU;*EVH[.FHF2W+#"\Z*5TI/ER<Z`S(G.DZZ9OX0Z')=~/./g)x2,$_,
256),7,249);s/[^\w,]/ /g;$ \=/^J/?$/:"\r";print,redo}#JAPH,
------------------------------
Date: 05 Nov 2004 10:36:05 +0100
From: Arndt Jonasson <do-not-use@invalid.net>
Subject: Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" messages with '-w'
Message-Id: <yzdk6t0y6wq.fsf@invalid.net>
Uri Guttman <uguttman@athenahealth.com> writes:
> >>>>> "SD" == Sam Denton <dejanews@email.com> writes:
>
> SD> +213 print ", undef" if undef $fsmount;
>
> that should be defined and not undef. also do that before the other
> print. actually you should do only one or the other since it can't be
> both '' and undef. and you are also printing $fsmount before this so if
> it is undef you will get the warning. it is not spurious, heed it.
Could a case be made for having perl emitting a warning with something
like
line 213: 'if' used with always false conditional
when compiling?
(I only checked on 5.005; maybe 5.8 has this already.)
------------------------------
Date: 5 Nov 2004 11:50:26 GMT
From: anno4000@lublin.zrz.tu-berlin.de (Anno Siegel)
Subject: Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" messages with '-w'
Message-Id: <cmfpe2$gft$2@mamenchi.zrz.TU-Berlin.DE>
Arndt Jonasson <do-not-use@invalid.net> wrote in comp.lang.perl.misc:
>
> Uri Guttman <uguttman@athenahealth.com> writes:
> > >>>>> "SD" == Sam Denton <dejanews@email.com> writes:
> >
> > SD> +213 print ", undef" if undef $fsmount;
> >
> > that should be defined and not undef. also do that before the other
> > print. actually you should do only one or the other since it can't be
> > both '' and undef. and you are also printing $fsmount before this so if
> > it is undef you will get the warning. it is not spurious, heed it.
>
> Could a case be made for having perl emitting a warning with something
> like
> line 213: 'if' used with always false conditional
> when compiling?
Unlikely. It's a common technique to rely on the optimizer to discard
code that will never be executed, as in
use constant DEBUG => 0;
# ...
if ( DEBUG ) {
# cod here won't even compile unless DEBUG is set
}
If this warned, a lot of old code would break.
Anno
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 09:17:40 +0000
From: Peter Hickman <peter@semantico.com>
Subject: Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" with -w, redux
Message-Id: <418b4535$0$11179$afc38c87@news.easynet.co.uk>
Sam Denton wrote:
> OK, my first post had a bug, but it's a real problem, honest.
>
> Here's my (fixed!) code:
>
> +208 chomp ($fsmount);
> +209 $fsmount .= ' ';
> +210
> +211 print "*** fsmount = \"$fsmount\"";
> +212 print ", empty" if $fsmount eq "";
> +213 print ", undef" unless defined($fsmount);
> +214 print " ***\n";
> +215
> +216 # if ( $fsmount =~ m=^/= ) {
> +217 # $fsmount =~ s/:.*$//;
> +218 my $firstchar = substr($fsmount,0,1);
> +219 if ( $firstchar eq '/' ) {
> +220 $fsmount =~ s/:.*//;
Ok this is the problem. Line 212. Look at the following complete code.
# At this point $fsmount is undefined
print "*** fsmount = \"$fsmount\"";
print ", empty" if $fsmount eq "";
print ", undef" unless defined($fsmount);
print " ***\n";
# Now we switch the order of the tests
print "*** fsmount = \"$fsmount\"";
print ", undef" unless defined($fsmount);
print ", empty" if $fsmount eq "";
print " ***\n";
Now we run it.
*** fsmount = "", empty, undef ***
*** fsmount = "", undef, empty ***
So undef is the same as "". In effect the test coerced the undef into an empty
string.
Reorder your tests.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 05 Nov 2004 14:33:29 +0100
From: Michele Dondi <bik.mido@tiscalinet.it>
Subject: Re: Spurious "Use of uninitialized value" with -w, redux
Message-Id: <d40no0teqmq1f5f2ub28qete1jah3533at@4ax.com>
On 4 Nov 2004 15:17:21 -0800, dejanews@email.com (Sam Denton) wrote:
>OK, my first post had a bug, but it's a real problem, honest.
[snip]
>string. Everything works just fine without the '-w' option. Any ideas?
Well, when I read your post yesterday I was too tired to read your
actual code, even if you had been sensible enough to quote only the
relevant lines. Taking this into account I answered the way I did, but
when I noticed the error you were doing, as pointed out by many people
here, I regretted having done so. However that *may* still apply,
though I *recommend* you do that only if you're sure you're not doing
another mistake like the previous one.
If the warning is really "spurious", i.e. you *do* know why you're
getting it, but do not want to hear it anyway, then as I already
suggested, just locally disable 'uninitialized' warnings.
HTH,
Michele
--
{$_=pack'B8'x25,unpack'A8'x32,$a^=sub{pop^pop}->(map substr
(($a||=join'',map--$|x$_,(unpack'w',unpack'u','G^<R<Y]*YB='
.'KYU;*EVH[.FHF2W+#"\Z*5TI/ER<Z`S(G.DZZ9OX0Z')=~/./g)x2,$_,
256),7,249);s/[^\w,]/ /g;$ \=/^J/?$/:"\r";print,redo}#JAPH,
------------------------------
Date: 6 Apr 2001 21:33:47 GMT (Last modified)
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Subject: Digest Administrivia (Last modified: 6 Apr 01)
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NOTE: due to the current flood of worm email banging on ruby, the smtp
server on ruby has been shut off until further notice.
To submit articles to comp.lang.perl.announce, send your article to
clpa@perl.com.
#To request back copies (available for a week or so), send your request
#to almanac@ruby.oce.orst.edu with the command "send perl-users x.y",
#where x is the volume number and y is the issue number.
#For other requests pertaining to the digest, send mail to
#perl-users-request@ruby.oce.orst.edu. Do not waste your time or mine
#sending perl questions to the -request address, I don't have time to
#answer them even if I did know the answer.
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End of Perl-Users Digest V10 Issue 7362
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