[669658] in Cypherpunks
"The Shocking Truth" About Kidney Disease!
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Kidney Health News Update!)
Thu Dec 6 12:08:39 2018
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Date: Thu, 6 Dec 2018 18:01:32 +0100
From: "Kidney Health News Update!" <assist@kidneydis.xyz>
Reply-To: "Kidney Health News Update!" <correspondence@kidneydis.xyz>
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"The Shocking Truth" About Kidney Disease!
http://kidneydis.xyz/clk.2_11448_10526_282655_3031_5858_0300_3fac76f6
http://kidneydis.xyz/clk.20_11448_10526_282655_3031_5858_0300_8a56d3a9
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.\\r\\n\\r\\nThe nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each adult kidney contains around 1 million nephrons. The nephron utilizes four processes to alter the blood plasma which flows to it: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. The kidney participates in the control of the volume of various body fluid compartments, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and removal of toxins. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus: one-fifth of the blood volume that enters the kidneys is filtered. Examples of substances reabsorbed are solute-fee water, sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and amino acids. Examples of substances secreted are hydrogen, ammonium, potassium and uric acid. The kidneys also carry out functions independent of the nephron. For example, they convert a precursor of vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol; and synthesize the hormones erythropoietin and renin.\\r\\n\\r\\nRenal physiology is the study of kidney function. Nephrology is the medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function: these include chronic kidney disease, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction.\\r\\n\\r\\nProcedures used in the management of kidney disease include chemical and microscopic examination of the urine (urinalysis), measurement of kidney function by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the serum creatinine; and kidney biopsy and CT scan to evaluate for abnormal
anato
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<h2 style="color:red;"><em><a href="http://kidneydis.xyz/clk.2_11448_10526_282655_3031_5858_0300_3fac76f6" style="text-decoration-style: dashed;">Your Future Kidney Health Is At Stake...</a></em></h2>
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<span style="font-size:6px;color:#ffffff;">The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 11 centimetres (4.3 in) in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.\\r\\n\\r\\nThe nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each adult kidney contains around 1 million nephrons. The nephron utilizes four processes to alter the blood plasma which flows to it: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. The kidney particip<a href="http://kidneydis.xyz/clk.0_11448_10526_282655_3031_5858_0300_144aa8b6"><img src="http://kidneydis.xyz/4ca5d00e846da43a16.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.kidneydis.xyz/clk.14_11448_10526_282655_3031_5858_0300_d8e3d030" width="1" /></a> ates in the control of the volume of various body fluid compartments, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and removal of toxins. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus: one-fifth of the blood volume that enters the kidneys is filtered. Examples of substances reabsorbed are solute-fee water, sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and amino acids. Examples of substances secreted are hydrogen, ammonium, potassium and uric acid. The kidneys also carry out functions independent of the nephron. For example, they convert a precursor of vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol; and synthesize the hormones erythropoietin and renin.\\r\\n\\r\\nRenal physiology is the study of kidney function. Nephrology is the medical specialty which addresses diseases of kidney function: these include chronic kidney disease, nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, acute kidney injury, and pyelonephritis. Urology addresses diseases of kidney (and urinary tract) anatomy: these include cancer, renal cysts, kidney stones and ureteral stones, and urinary tract obstruction.\\r\\n\\r\\n
Procedures used in the management of kidney disease include chemical and microscopic examination of the urine (urinalysis), measurement of kidney function by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the serum creatinine; and kidney biopsy and CT scan to evaluate for abnormal anato</span><br />
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