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IDiyas Inventors Newsletter June 3, 2025

daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Your IDiyas USPTO Weekly Inventor )
Tue Jun 3 10:11:57 2025

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Date: Tue, 03 Jun 2025 14:11:49 +0000 (UTC)
From: Your IDiyas USPTO Weekly Inventor Newsletter <idiyas@mail.beehiiv.com>
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Reply-To: Your IDiyas USPTO Weekly Inventor Newsletter <support@idiyas.com>
To: "frame@mit.edu" <frame@mit.edu>

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Caption: For the Inventor.  By the Inventor.

### See this week's breakthrough USPTO patent grants!

----------
**Interested in sponsoring this newsletter: ****[Learn more here](https://i=
diyas.com/sponsorships)**


----------### Could you afford $3,500 to remove a chew toy?

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/ea3f0a25-2a6b-4=
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l_id=3D46c4f613-9387-4239-9d71-859362dcbb92_5474ae4c-0562-4e8a-a973-2a5c316=
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## Table of Contents

* [This Week's Patent News](#this-weeks-patent-news)

* [Weekly Statistics](#weekly-statistics)

* [Main Article](#main-article)

* [Trivia (question)](#trivia-question)

* [Featured Inventor](#featured-inventor)

* [Our Features](#our-features)

* [Centurion Patentors](#centurion-patentors)

* [Trivia (answer)](#trivia-answer)

* [Recommendations](#recommendations)





**This Week's Patent News:**

=F0=9F=A7=91=E2=80=8D=E2=9A=96=EF=B8=8F=E2=9A=96=EF=B8=8F=F0=9F=92=A5**Jury=
 Unanimity Targeted in Patent Appeals Totaling $530 Million** =E2=80=93 Thr=
ee federal patent-infringement lawsuits are challenging an East Texas judge=
=E2=80=99s unconventional jury verdict format, which could impact major com=
panies like Apple Inc., PNC Bank NA, and Ecobee.

=F0=9F=9A=97=F0=9F=93=B1=E2=9A=94=EF=B8=8F**How a Decade-Old Patent Dispute=
 Could Upend Uber=E2=80=99s Business** =E2=80=93 Carma Technology has filed=
 a lawsuit against Uber, alleging infringement on five patents related to r=
ide-sharing technology, potentially reshaping the industry.

=E2=9D=93=EF=B8=8F=F0=9F=93=9C=F0=9F=92=A3=EF=B8=8F**Patent Blame Game: Are=
 70% of U.S. Patents Really Defective?** =E2=80=93 A discussion on patent q=
uality sparked by the confirmation hearing of John Squires, nominee for USP=
TO Director, highlighting concerns over the high defect rate in U.S. patent=
s.

=F0=9F=8F=9B=EF=B8=8F=F0=9F=94=A7=F0=9F=8C=80**USPTO Moves Forward with PTA=
B Reforms Amid Legal Uncertainty** =E2=80=93 The U.S. Patent and Trademark =
Office is advancing procedural reforms for the Patent Trial and Appeal Boar=
d, while recent Supreme Court rulings create uncertainty around agency rule=
making.

=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=
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=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=
=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
# _**[New weekly USPTO Patents data have been added.](https://idiyas.com/we=
ek)**_


--------------------

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=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
# **The Story Behind Drano: A Clog-Busting Classic**


----------

##### **From Clogs to Chemistry: How Drano Became the Hero of Household Plu=
mbing**

Drano, the iconic drain cleaner, owes its existence to Harry Drackett, a Ci=
ncinnati entrepreneur who turned a household nuisance into a chemical trium=
ph in 1923. Faced with the universal frustration of clogged pipes, Drackett=
 set out to create a solution that didn=E2=80=99t involve a plumber or a pr=
ayer. The result? Drano is a product that=E2=80=99s been flushing away our =
problems for over a century.

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/d4d6c8ac-9ea1-4=
d13-aa4c-3b2fc70bc45a/drano.png?t=3D1748101490)
Caption:=20


The brilliance of Drackett=E2=80=99s invention lay in its deceptively simpl=
e chemistry. He combined sodium hydroxide (lye) with aluminum chips in a re=
cipe that sounds suspiciously like something you=E2=80=99d find in a mad sc=
ientist=E2=80=99s notebook. When lye reacts with water, it generates heat, =
melting through grease and organic matter like butter on a hot skillet. The=
 aluminum chips? They add a dash of excitement, producing hydrogen gas and =
even more heat because what=E2=80=99s science without a bit of sizzle?

Drano was an instant hit. Suddenly, homeowners could unclog their pipes wit=
hout descending into the bowels of their plumbing system. By the time Drano=
 became part of S.C. Johnson & Son in 1992, it had cemented its place in th=
e pantheon of cleaning products.

Today, Drano stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the lengths folks=
 will go to avoid calling a plumber. It=E2=80=99s a little ironic, though: =
a product designed to tackle the grimiest messes became a sparkling clean s=
uccess story. Harry Drackett might not have invented the wheel, but he sure=
 got it spinning again.

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----------
## **Trivia**


--------------------
**What was the first Plant Patent? **=20


----------_Please scroll to the bottom of this newsletter to find out._

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=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=
=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Featured Inventor**


----------#####=20

##### The Man Who Gave Memory a Mind: How Yehuda Hahn Rewrote the Rules of =
Digital Storage

Yehuda Hahn, an Israeli inventor and Distinguished Engineer at SanDisk, has=
 spent his career at the forefront of data storage innovation. With over tw=
o hundred issued U.S. utility patents, Hahn has helped define the architect=
ure of how modern systems interact with storage, shaping not just what data=
 is stored, but how it moves.

Among his most influential breakthroughs is a pioneering framework for grou=
ping commands from host devices in submission doorbell transactions.=20

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/5c2138bc-906e-4=
d0e-8299-74d8c6ce9e2b/yehudahahn.png?t=3D1748441075)
Caption:=20


By enabling a storage controller to organize incoming commands into structu=
red groupings, and to complete them in optimized sequences, Hahn laid the g=
roundwork for more efficient, responsive storage performance across a range=
 of environments, from personal computing to cloud infrastructure.

Hahn also advanced PCIe transaction management with techniques that allow s=
torage controllers to adaptively retry failed transfers using alternate ali=
gnments or sizes. This improves reliability and throughput without requirin=
g manual intervention or costly performance trade-offs, critical in latency=
-sensitive and high-availability systems.

In the space of DRAM-less solid-state drives, Hahn devised a novel approach=
 to managing Host Memory Buffer (HMB) cache. His architecture allows the st=
orage device to maintain a mirrored log of HMB deltas, even when the host l=
ink is inactive ensuring that data remains accessible and coherent despite =
the transient nature of host memory availability.

From protocol-level refinements to system-wide performance strategies, Yehu=
da Hahn=E2=80=99s inventions reflect a deep understanding of how hardware a=
nd firmware can co-evolve. His work isn=E2=80=99t just about storing data, =
it=E2=80=99s about creating smarter, faster, and more resilient ways to use=
 it.

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=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Today in Patent History**


----------#####=20

##### **Improvement in Steam-Boilers**

On June 3, 1884, Granville T. Woods received a Patent for an =E2=80=9CImpro=
vement in Steam-Boilers,=E2=80=9D a crucial advancement that bolstered the =
safety and efficiency of steam-powered systems, cornerstones of America=E2=
=80=99s rapidly industrializing economy.

Woods' design optimized heat distribution and reduced fuel waste, a signifi=
cant improvement at a time when steam boilers powered everything from locom=
otives to factory machinery. Faulty boilers were notorious for deadly explo=
sions, so any enhancement in their stability had direct life-saving implica=
tions.

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/68d6a1af-4a09-4=
e97-a790-8624fff78d4f/steamboiler.png?t=3D1748352227)
Caption: U.S. Patent No. 299,894


Born in 1856 in Columbus, Ohio, Granville T. Woods was a self-taught engine=
er who went on to secure more than 50 patents over his career. His work spa=
nned electric railways, telegraph systems, and safety devices for trains. A=
mong his most notable inventions was the =E2=80=9Ctelegraphony,=E2=80=9D wh=
ich allowed voice communication over telegraph wires, an early forerunner t=
o the telephone.

Dubbed the =E2=80=9CBlack Edison=E2=80=9D by the press, Woods often had to =
defend his inventions in court, including against Thomas Edison himself, wh=
om Woods defeated in several patent disputes. Despite the racial barriers o=
f the era, Woods established his own company and sold his technologies to m=
ajor firms like Westinghouse and General Electric.

His 1884 steam-boiler patent may not be his most famous, but it exemplifies=
 his ingenuity in tackling real-world industrial challenges. It=E2=80=99s o=
ne more reason Granville T. Woods is remembered as one of the most brillian=
t and resilient inventors of his time.

=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=
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=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Introducing New Data Products and Enhancements**


----------

##### **[Introducing IDiyas=E2=80=99 Inventor Membership Program](https://i=
diyas.com/membership-plan)**

Our Premium members on average have 312 patents.

IDiyas is the world=E2=80=99s largest resource for celebrating and supporti=
ng inventors. Become a member of the IDiyas Inventor Membership Program to =
foster the community of innovation =E2=80=93 locally and globally. Access m=
illions of inventors and patents, and connect through networking and engagi=
ng events. Join today to enjoy exclusive benefits with our limited-time mem=
bership offer.

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/a5eab00a-d0cb-4=
3e4-89e3-ede692186a89/membership-plan.png?t=3D1741590267)
Caption:=20


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=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Centurion Patentors**


----------

Congratulations to last week's Centurion Patentors!
We are excited to welcome the following inventors into these prestigious pa=
tent clubs:

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/d1aad808-04d9-4=
f7a-b237-9148377126d8/centurion.png?t=3D1748871179)
Caption:=20

For more info about their research & patents, **[click here](https://idiyas=
.com/blog/centurion-patentors-as-of-may-27-2025/)**

=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=
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=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Trivia**


----------

The first Plant Patent was a Climbing or Trailing Rose called =E2=80=9CNew =
Dawn=E2=80=9D.

View image: (https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,forma=
t=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/01fcd710-1085-4=
dde-912a-b02e67b47ff1/patent.png?t=3D1748941334)
Caption:=20


=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=
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=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=
=E2=80=94=E2=80=94

----------
## **Recommendations**


----------

View image: (https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jeoYWe77zhg/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=3D-oaymwE=
nCNACELwBSFryq4qpAxkIARUAAIhCGAHYAQHiAQoIGBACGAY4AUAB&rs=3DAOn4CLCCOWubLH8j=
vRSGW3BTkBH4ek7-Ag)
Caption: [Bizarre Crime Gadgets from the Past](https://www.youtube.com/watc=
h?v=3DjeoYWe77zhg)

View image: (https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8PcPKUIarNk/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=3D-oaymwE=
nCNACELwBSFryq4qpAxkIARUAAIhCGAHYAQHiAQoIGBACGAY4AUAB&rs=3DAOn4CLC8i2mgg_rH=
E2m5pfuR_xMHD9pOPg)
Caption: [The Dark Truth Behind the Spinning Barber Pole](https://www.youtu=
be.com/watch?v=3D8PcPKUIarNk&t=3D29s&ab_channel=3DIDiyasInventorVideos)





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:#FFFFFF;"><div role=3D"article" aria-roledescription=3D"email" aria-label=
=3D"email_name" lang=3D"en" style=3D"font-size:1rem"><div style=3D"display:=
none;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden;"> =F0=9F=9A=BF The Story Behind Drano:=
 A Clog-Busting Classic &#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204=
;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8204;&#160;&#8=
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</div><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" al=
ign=3D"center" cellpadding=3D"0" class=3D"gg"><tr><td align=3D"center" vali=
gn=3D"top"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"670" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0=
" cellpadding=3D"0" class=3D"aa" style=3D"width:670px;table-layout:fixed;">=
<tr><td class=3D"bodyWrapper" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padd=
ing:10px 5px 10px 5px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td align=3D"center"=
 valign=3D"top" style=3D"border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;border-style: solid; =
border-color: #FFFFFF;border-radius:10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color:#FFF=
FFF;" class=3D"c"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr id=3D"header"><td style=3D=
"padding:15px 15px 0px 15px;"><div style=3D"padding-top:0px;padding-right:0=
px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100=
%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><t=
d class=3D"f" align=3D"right" valign=3D"top"><p> June 03, 2025 &nbsp; | &nb=
sp; <a href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.8Fw1iBSQXZlDsoDD0doH=
CwRrikJi6P8GXMRkQHNd_1XO68LaAy3c1ApCKDMxtp4knVHbpfS19NMgV-iW1GivsBvGNqZOuEL=
JnkFUkuTMyVAk2OCYayZo1pZ4WwyKoAaN2QZD52wSlkYLak5Srln9Plybp3cdy36ZI2onefy8wi=
1YisKBs_Og4tdqRCIpBAbucJDdZ-evxkU7xqdzLCrpByDJnHM8Ga2FEZc8I0frYo1LujshVyF6S=
h1-IwJAumTWn7CT4S8xdfRE2jcjA14Ba1esxed12bQwBq89UZTFRr8/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNE=
DyqW0A/h0/h001.GT8BETu8zgKCiNbDrGQs9M7ExuNd4A4jPFkz1q2J4kc"><span class=3D"=
translation_missing" title=3D"translation missing: en.templates.posts.email=
.v3.header.listen_online">Listen Online</span></a> &nbsp; | &nbsp; <a href=
=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.8Fw1iBSQXZlDsoDD0doHCwRrikJi6P8=
GXMRkQHNd_1XO68LaAy3c1ApCKDMxtp4knVHbpfS19NMgV-iW1GivsBvGNqZOuELJnkFUkuTMyV=
Ak2OCYayZo1pZ4WwyKoAaN2QZD52wSlkYLak5Srln9Plybp3cdy36ZI2onefy8wi1YisKBs_Og4=
tdqRCIpBAbuXMXchCrMo1FaEihCQmy8Bc7urr8_KWYPSY3Tku9iK_pnE3Wazck28bu9IFJBDrcd=
zi4AmfPUSc7RvS0cbDABvg/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h1/h001.1IvSp5ketZjpEIstT=
8ovSSwYazCehcv5JK65LL66y-g"><span class=3D"translation_missing" title=3D"tr=
anslation missing: en.templates.posts.email.v3.header.read_online">Read Onl=
ine</span></a></p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" class=
=3D"dd"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td align=3D"left" valign=3D"middle"=
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llpadding=3D"0" align=3D"right" class=3D"social-mobile"><tr><td align=3D"le=
ft" valign=3D"middle"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"left" style=3D"width:100%"><tr><td align=3D"cente=
r" valign=3D"middle"><a href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.FT9=
n14_UpmMZUDGgv7K9waJmYwHs0wcBSST216mka0cNWQG-ov44Ynh2rl-dT0CJa1fNc53XT3nazj=
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_np3eCswbUoTKDiFCGJCVTLbfibpXA0inbZum_A/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h2/h001.=
cwMKSz1B5rrHiCWvYBfCrYHhsAxnwPWITQ52WUQSp38" style=3D"text-decoration:none;=
 display:block;"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" sty=
le=3D"border: 1px solid #E5E7EB; border-radius: 100%; width: 18px; height: =
18px; padding: 8px;"><img style=3D"display:block; width:100%; height:100%; =
max-width:18px; max-height:18px; object-fit: contain;" alt=3D"share on face=
book" width=3D"18" border=3D"0" src=3D"https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/im=
age/fit=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/static_a=
ssets/header/facebook.png"/></td></tr></table></a></td><td width=3D"8" styl=
e=3D"width:8px;">&nbsp;</td><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle"><a href=
=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.NvfTYEfry5Oj1wbQQLFlwQI8JMKIXgH=
Q-d20tAe2rykQCxhOpza_Fklp8AvbVeznl20OUv8y06FkXEJ06mYVOfg_zJsUhULqmSMp7vzetw=
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izW5_0WuORGH_rdEh2X10/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h3/h001.nOKquJk2OFeP32Bad7=
kKLeklqkvRffclWAnr106WBOE" style=3D"text-decoration:none; display:block;"><=
table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=
=3D"center"><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"middle" style=3D"border: 1px=
 solid #E5E7EB; border-radius: 100%; width: 18px; height: 18px; padding: 8p=
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>For the Inventor. By the Inventor.</p></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td =
class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-we=
ight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:center;"><h3 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;fo=
nt-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:175.0%;"><span style=3D"font-family:Monac=
o,'Lucida Console',monospace;">See this week&#39;s breakthrough USPTO paten=
t grants!</span></h3></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" =
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</span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td id=3D"coul=
d-you-afford-3500-to-remove-a-c" class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"=
 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;">=
<h3 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:175.0%;">Cou=
ld you afford $3,500 to remove a chew toy?</h3></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:15px;paddin=
g-right:15px;padding-top:10px; " class=3D"dd"><table role=3D"none" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0 auto 0 auto;">=
<tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"width:630px;"><a href=3D"h=
ttps://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.JnplY_9lPoA0jRMOBS9LhmNjS2a5oWl4C4eY=
KmqrOdOPvNo6LUq7ehGy4v0cU-wlNsv9Nq854BKGLxLM-mPVw00Uoqjl7TNRH5DBfmO8WzGIwio=
Pp1EO5zyZofKxWdwiLdpGdL-x74-NjLdllTyIV8wMoPLK1HYtBLX-fV6hsah-eHjkgr7UAIbMH6=
_Vg59_GFyL4OC2O_hWiVXXHQvtQ_1IdEV6EbPk0-fNcjUkAPbch-GwjYb2Z3ZPn7V4t_La9nnj9=
3sxiLekMKNtCbyWkp55c1nso2hxUnteQlnSnSIUnYfKh2DLpX1iwJM2MkbOKKRvsE-xu5YW7llK=
dIysLaCxEPiOmNUasXfQ0iwJ5OoyeeqfLjazp2kiAX6KcrUXBddVcZOUi80l-Vu8wcTKzZt5cJ7=
SkufpGExNn3ONdq3m9w1WwZz01eW3zPk69foC/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h8/h001.2p=
trTWZF9XYO3Jm9M4wQUKsQ9Cr4IoT_TCR52Yr6sLE" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofol=
low" style=3D"text-decoration:none;" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"https://=
media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dre=
direct,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/ea3f0a25-2a6b-411d-be89-feb428586758=
/Shutterstock_Image_695776048.jpg?t=3D1747772481" alt=3D"" height=3D"auto" =
width=3D"630" style=3D"display:block;width:100%;" border=3D"0"/></a></td></=
tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0=
px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height=
-alt:150.0%;"> From $3,500 to remove a chew toy, to $7,000 for a hip replac=
ement, keeping your pets healthy is getting more and more expensive. Fortun=
ately, <a class=3D"link" href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.Jn=
plY_9lPoA0jRMOBS9LhmNjS2a5oWl4C4eYKmqrOdOPvNo6LUq7ehGy4v0cU-wlNsv9Nq854BKGL=
xLM-mPVw00Uoqjl7TNRH5DBfmO8WzGIwioPp1EO5zyZofKxWdwiLdpGdL-x74-NjLdllTyIV8wM=
oPLK1HYtBLX-fV6hsah-eHjkgr7UAIbMH6_Vg59_GFyL4OC2O_hWiVXXHQvtQ_1IdEV6EbPk0-f=
NcjUkAPbch-GwjYb2Z3ZPn7V4t_La9nnj93sxiLekMKNtCbyWkp55c1nso2hxUnteQlnSnSIUnY=
fKh2DLpX1iwJM2MkbOKKRvsE-xu5YW7llKdIysLaCxEPiOmNUasXfQ0iwJ5Op25BbCsPjOHHRgh=
9yc9J1_H0uwzgRgqGxKBFD0TB-Z2Ql_KPDCK3GLqRL1b2CEw6nKiLmoK-gzlAeZVdfi2zUF/4h1=
/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h9/h001.NHENGscMtncIPlP3pLXfA-HtHvDAnRzNnfitXunjQjA=
" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow"><span>pet insuranc=
e</span></a> can help offset these rising costs. Pet insurance can cover el=
igible accidents and illnesses with up to 90% reimbursement. Get your buddy=
 covered today with plans starting at just $10 a month. </p></td></tr><tr><=
td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;wo=
rd-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"><a class=3D"=
link" href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.JnplY_9lPoA0jRMOBS9Lh=
mNjS2a5oWl4C4eYKmqrOdOPvNo6LUq7ehGy4v0cU-wlNsv9Nq854BKGLxLM-mPVw00Uoqjl7TNR=
H5DBfmO8WzGIwioPp1EO5zyZofKxWdwiLdpGdL-x74-NjLdllTyIV8wMoPLK1HYtBLX-fV6hsah=
-eHjkgr7UAIbMH6_Vg59_GFyL4OC2O_hWiVXXHQvtQ_1IdEV6EbPk0-fNcjUkAPbch-GwjYb2Z3=
ZPn7V4t_La9nnj93sxiLekMKNtCbyWkp55c1nso2hxUnteQlnSnSIUnYfKh2DLpX1iwJM2MkbOK=
KRvsE-xu5YW7llKdIysLaCxEPiOmNUasXfQ0iwJ5OrTv2Sgj8N5wl9pgAhizQHKzVL7rJCW9uPV=
8MsEFvZAHN8vGA7PCcc5d9uFgY2KWqgwhfz-_JDPJnTgn652YHrV/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDy=
qW0A/h10/h001.DfE1jFz-7GAjbz-DcOG-KjSzYxdwXRFCeDlzkqZ9GNI" target=3D"_blank=
" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow"><span>PROTECT YOUR PET</span></a></p=
></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;l=
ine-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=
=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" al=
ign=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D=
"dd" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;p=
adding:0px 15px;text-align:left;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:40=
0;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;">Table of Contents</h2></td></tr><tr><td styl=
e=3D"padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:27px;padding-right:27px;padding-top:1=
2px;" class=3D"ee"><div style=3D"margin-left:0px;" class=3D"edm_outlooklist=
"><ul style=3D"font-weight:normal;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:12px !=
important;margin-top:12px !important;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;"><li class=3D=
"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-a=
lign:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#this-weeks-pat=
ent-news" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>=
This Week&#39;s Patent News</span></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ultext=
"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;word-b=
reak:break-word;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#weekly-statistics" rel=3D"noop=
ener noreferrer nofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Weekly Statistics</sp=
an></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-a=
lt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"l=
ink" href=3D"#main-article" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow" clicktrack=
ing=3D"off"><span>Main Article</span></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ult=
ext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;wor=
d-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#trivia-question" rel=3D"noo=
pener noreferrer nofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Trivia (question)</s=
pan></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-=
alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"=
link" href=3D"#featured-inventor" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow" clic=
ktracking=3D"off"><span>Featured Inventor</span></a></p></li><li class=3D"l=
istItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-ali=
gn:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#our-features" re=
l=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Our Features=
</span></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-heig=
ht-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=
=3D"link" href=3D"#centurion-patentors" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow=
" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Centurion Patentors</span></a></p></li><li cl=
ass=3D"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;=
text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#trivia-a=
nswer" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Tri=
via (answer)</span></a></p></li><li class=3D"listItem ultext"><p style=3D"m=
so-line-height-alt:150.0%;padding:0px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word=
;"><a class=3D"link" href=3D"#recommendations" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer n=
ofollow" clicktracking=3D"off"><span>Recommendations</span></a></p></li></u=
l></div></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px =
15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-al=
t:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"paddi=
ng:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-he=
ight-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td id=3D"this-weeks-patent-news" class=
=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break=
:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"><span style=3D"color=
:rgb(3, 7, 18);"><b>This Week&#39;s Patent News:</b></span></p></td></tr><t=
r><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left=
;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> =F0=9F=
=A7=91=E2=80=8D=E2=9A=96=EF=B8=8F=E2=9A=96=EF=B8=8F=F0=9F=92=A5<b>Jury Unan=
imity Targeted in Patent Appeals Totaling $530 Million</b> =E2=80=93 Three =
federal patent-infringement lawsuits are challenging an East Texas judge=E2=
=80=99s unconventional jury verdict format, which could impact major compan=
ies like Apple Inc., PNC Bank NA, and Ecobee. </p></td></tr><tr><td class=
=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break=
:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> =F0=9F=9A=97=F0=9F=
=93=B1=E2=9A=94=EF=B8=8F<b>How a Decade-Old Patent Dispute Could Upend Uber=
=E2=80=99s Business</b> =E2=80=93 Carma Technology has filed a lawsuit agai=
nst Uber, alleging infringement on five patents related to ride-sharing tec=
hnology, potentially reshaping the industry. </p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D=
"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:br=
eak-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> =E2=9D=93=EF=B8=8F=F0=
=9F=93=9C=F0=9F=92=A3=EF=B8=8F<b>Patent Blame Game: Are 70% of U.S. Patents=
 Really Defective?</b> =E2=80=93 A discussion on patent quality sparked by =
the confirmation hearing of John Squires, nominee for USPTO Director, highl=
ighting concerns over the high defect rate in U.S. patents. </p></td></tr><=
tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:lef=
t;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> =F0=9F=
=8F=9B=EF=B8=8F=F0=9F=94=A7=F0=9F=8C=80<b>USPTO Moves Forward with PTAB Ref=
orms Amid Legal Uncertainty</b> =E2=80=93 The U.S. Patent and Trademark Off=
ice is advancing procedural reforms for the Patent Trial and Appeal Board, =
while recent Supreme Court rulings create uncertainty around agency rulemak=
ing. </p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-si=
ze:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D=
"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td=
><table id=3D"weekly-statistics" role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" =
style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table =
role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2=
A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:center;"><h1 style=3D"color=
:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;"><span style=3D"color:=
#222222;font-size:1.5rem;"><span style=3D"text-decoration:underline;"><b><a=
 class=3D"link" href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.8Fw1iBSQXZl=
DsoDD0doHC8I6R_V4ACfgiyc8Juxvmd41t7Gq8FldwUHe3Iz0VR9_3St95YPzGgefQhB06_5coR=
AqM_16XErfzIIlxO-0dPWYigGPBeRYS4xcomehVgbv26Jl4D2-30r_45KnZnO7GuPiC0rgWaC4Q=
-ZcIhoDfFxPxUO60cyxDyM340_GChli7v7Vu2-N8M9wuDtCTxpfpz_HiE4c4cTJDJf3JVXon-s/=
4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h11/h001.sOlpuRs9rjS8wyvcTSNOyHoYI9bYG-A8koMAvph=
jKrs" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow"><span>New week=
ly USPTO Patents data have been added.</span></a></b></span></span></h1></t=
d></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"none" wid=
th=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr=
><td bgcolor=3D"transparent" style=3D"background-color:transparent;padding:=
0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td style=3D"padding:4px 15px"><spa=
n style=3D""><div style=3D"display: flex; align-items: center; justify-cont=
ent: center; font-size: 15px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab', 'Helvetica Neue',=
 Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px 0; width: fit-content;"><b id=
=3D"total">7,363 Patents</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;<div id=3D"weekly" style=3D"display=
:flex; width:525px; height:40px; position:relative; box-shadow: rgb(38, 57,=
 77) 0px 10px 15px -10px;"><div class=3D"rect" style=3D"width: 55%; height:=
 100%; background-color: rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.8); display: flex; align-item=
s: center; justify-content: space-between; white-space: nowrap; font-size: =
inherit; padding: 0px 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Utility: 6,548</div>=
<div class=3D"rect" style=3D"width: 30%; height: 100%; background-color: rg=
ba(219, 68, 55, 0.8); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: =
space-between; white-space: nowrap; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px 4px; c=
olor: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Design: 800</div><div class=3D"rect" style=3D"wi=
dth: 15%; height: 100%; background-color: rgba(15, 157, 88, 0.8); display: =
flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; white-space: now=
rap; font-size: inherit; padding: 0px 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Plan=
t: 15</div></div></div></span></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr=
><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height=
:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" =
width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"cen=
ter"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"main-=
article" role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-colo=
r:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"1=
00%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" =
align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padd=
ing:0px 15px;text-align:center;"><h1 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400=
;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;"><span style=3D"color:#030712;"><b>The Story B=
ehind Drano: A Clog-Busting Classic</b></span></h1></td></tr></table></td><=
/tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:=
0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-heigh=
t-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"100%"><table role=3D"none" wi=
dth=3D"100%" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0"><tr><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=3D"mob-st=
ack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" st=
yle=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;"><h5=
 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:125.0%;"><b>Fro=
m Clogs to Chemistry: How Drano Became the Hero of Household Plumbing</b></=
h5></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;=
text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150=
.0%;"><span style=3D"color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Roboto, Helvetica, Aria=
l, sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;">Drano, the iconic drain clea=
ner, owes its existence to Harry Drackett, a Cincinnati entrepreneur who tu=
rned a household nuisance into a chemical triumph in 1923. Faced with the u=
niversal frustration of clogged pipes, Drackett set out to create a solutio=
n that didn=E2=80=99t involve a plumber or a prayer. The result? Drano is a=
 product that=E2=80=99s been flushing away our problems for over a century.=
</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertic=
al-align:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" bord=
er=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center=
" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:15px;padding-rig=
ht:15px;padding-top:10px; " class=3D"dd"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td=
 align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"width:315px;"><img src=3D"https:/=
/media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dr=
edirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/d4d6c8ac-9ea1-4d13-aa4c-3b2fc70bc45=
a/drano.png?t=3D1748101490" alt=3D"" height=3D"auto" width=3D"315" style=3D=
"display:block;width:100%;" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbo=
dy></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" =
style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=
=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> The brilliance of Drackett=E2=80=99s inve=
ntion lay in its deceptively simple chemistry. He combined sodium hydroxide=
 (lye) with aluminum chips in a recipe that sounds suspiciously like someth=
ing you=E2=80=99d find in a mad scientist=E2=80=99s notebook. When lye reac=
ts with water, it generates heat, melting through grease and organic matter=
 like butter on a hot skillet. The aluminum chips? They add a dash of excit=
ement, producing hydrogen gas and even more heat because what=E2=80=99s sci=
ence without a bit of sizzle? </p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"l=
eft" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p s=
tyle=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> Drano was an instant hit. Suddenly, h=
omeowners could unclog their pipes without descending into the bowels of th=
eir plumbing system. By the time Drano became part of S.C. Johnson & Son in=
 1992, it had cemented its place in the pantheon of cleaning products. </p>=
</td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;tex=
t-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%=
;"> Today, Drano stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the lengths f=
olks will go to avoid calling a plumber. It=E2=80=99s a little ironic, thou=
gh: a product designed to tackle the grimiest messes became a sparkling cle=
an success story. Harry Drackett might not have invented the wheel, but he =
sure got it spinning again. </p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=
=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" cla=
ss=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr><=
/table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"trivia-question" role=3D"none" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><=
td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0p=
x 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"t=
op" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:cent=
er;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;=
"><span style=3D"color:#030712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Trivia</b></span></h2>=
</td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"none" =
width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"">=
<tr><td bgcolor=3D"transparent" style=3D"background-color:transparent;paddi=
ng:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" =
style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=
=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"><span style=3D"color:#030712;"><b>What was=
 the first Plant Patent? </b></span><span style=3D"color:#030712;">=C2=A0</=
span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd"=
 align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-=
word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"><i>Please scroll to the bot=
tom of this newsletter to find out.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"cente=
r" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 4=
0px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D=
"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </=
td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"featured-inventor" role=3D"n=
one" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=
=3D""><tr><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding=
:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0"=
 cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" =
valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text=
-align:center;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-=
alt:200.0%;"><span style=3D"color:#030712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Featured In=
ventor</b></span></h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td=
 class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-wei=
ght:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;"><h5 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-=
weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:125.0%;"></h5></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"100=
%"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" ce=
llspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-a=
lign:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td class=3D"dd" alig=
n=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0p=
x 15px;text-align:left;"><h5 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-lin=
e-height-alt:125.0%;">The Man Who Gave Memory a Mind: How Yehuda Hahn Rewro=
te the Rules of Digital Storage</h5></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D=
"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p=
 style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> Yehuda Hahn, an Israeli inventor an=
d Distinguished Engineer at SanDisk, has spent his career at the forefront =
of data storage innovation. With over two hundred issued U.S. utility paten=
ts, Hahn has helped define the architecture of how modern systems interact =
with storage, shaping not just what data is stored, but how it moves.<br><b=
r>Among his most influential breakthroughs is a pioneering framework for gr=
ouping commands from host devices in submission doorbell transactions. </p>=
</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:to=
p;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D=
"top" style=3D"padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;pad=
ding-top:10px; " class=3D"dd"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td align=3D"c=
enter" valign=3D"top" style=3D"width:315px;"><img src=3D"https://media.beeh=
iiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,qua=
lity=3D80/uploads/asset/file/5c2138bc-906e-4d0e-8299-74d8c6ce9e2b/yehudahah=
n.png?t=3D1748441075" alt=3D"" height=3D"auto" width=3D"315" style=3D"displ=
ay:block;width:100%;" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></t=
able></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=
=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"ms=
o-line-height-alt:150.0%;"><span style=3D"color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-wei=
ght:400;">By enabling a storage controller to organize incoming commands in=
to structured groupings, and to complete them in optimized sequences, Hahn =
laid the groundwork for more efficient, responsive storage performance acro=
ss a range of environments, from personal computing to cloud infrastructure=
.</span><br><br><span style=3D"color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-weight:400;">H=
ahn also advanced PCIe transaction management with techniques that allow st=
orage controllers to adaptively retry failed transfers using alternate alig=
nments or sizes. This improves reliability and throughput without requiring=
 manual intervention or costly performance trade-offs, critical in latency-=
sensitive and high-availability systems.</span><br><br><span style=3D"color=
:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-weight:400;">In the space of DRAM-less solid-state=
 drives, Hahn devised a novel approach to managing Host Memory Buffer (HMB)=
 cache. His architecture allows the storage device to maintain a mirrored l=
og of HMB deltas, even when the host link is inactive ensuring that data re=
mains accessible and coherent despite the transient nature of host memory a=
vailability.</span><br><br><span style=3D"color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-wei=
ght:400;">From protocol-level refinements to system-wide performance strate=
gies, Yehuda Hahn=E2=80=99s inventions reflect a deep understanding of how =
hardware and firmware can co-evolve. His work isn=E2=80=99t just about stor=
ing data, it=E2=80=99s about creating smarter, faster, and more resilient w=
ays to use it.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" =
style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"=
><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr></table></=
td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"featured-inventor" role=3D"none" width=3D"100%=
" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><td bgcol=
or=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" styl=
e=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:center;"><h2=
 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;"><span =
style=3D"color:#030712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Today in Patent History</b></s=
pan></h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd"=
 align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;paddi=
ng:0px 15px;text-align:left;"><h5 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;ms=
o-line-height-alt:125.0%;"></h5></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"100%"><table rol=
e=3D"none" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" cl=
ass=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" vali=
gn=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-ali=
gn:left;"><h5 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:12=
5.0%;"><b>Improvement in Steam-Boilers</b></h5></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"d=
d" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:brea=
k-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> On June 3, 1884, Granvil=
le T. Woods received a Patent for an =E2=80=9CImprovement in Steam-Boilers,=
=E2=80=9D a crucial advancement that bolstered the safety and efficiency of=
 steam-powered systems, cornerstones of America=E2=80=99s rapidly industria=
lizing economy. </p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"=
padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-li=
ne-height-alt:150.0%;"> Woods&#39; design optimized heat distribution and r=
educed fuel waste, a significant improvement at a time when steam boilers p=
owered everything from locomotives to factory machinery. Faulty boilers wer=
e notorious for deadly explosions, so any enhancement in their stability ha=
d direct life-saving implications. </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td w=
idth=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table role=
=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><=
tbody><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding-bottom:10px;=
padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-top:10px; " class=3D"dd"><tabl=
e role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"m=
argin:0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"widt=
h:315px;"><img src=3D"https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-d=
own,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/68d6a1=
af-4a09-4e97-a790-8624fff78d4f/steamboiler.png?t=3D1748352227" alt=3D"" hei=
ght=3D"auto" width=3D"315" style=3D"display:block;width:100%;" border=3D"0"=
/></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" class=3D"t" style=3D"wi=
dth:315px; padding: 4px 0px 4px 0px;"><p>U.S. Patent No. 299,894</p></td></=
tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td cl=
ass=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-br=
eak:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> Born in 1856 in =
Columbus, Ohio, Granville T. Woods was a self-taught engineer who went on t=
o secure more than 50 patents over his career. His work spanned electric ra=
ilways, telegraph systems, and safety devices for trains. Among his most no=
table inventions was the =E2=80=9Ctelegraphony,=E2=80=9D which allowed voic=
e communication over telegraph wires, an early forerunner to the telephone.=
 </p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15p=
x;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:1=
50.0%;"> Dubbed the =E2=80=9CBlack Edison=E2=80=9D by the press, Woods ofte=
n had to defend his inventions in court, including against Thomas Edison hi=
mself, whom Woods defeated in several patent disputes. Despite the racial b=
arriers of the era, Woods established his own company and sold his technolo=
gies to major firms like Westinghouse and General Electric. </p></td></tr><=
tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:lef=
t;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> His 188=
4 steam-boiler patent may not be his most famous, but it exemplifies his in=
genuity in tackling real-world industrial challenges. It=E2=80=99s one more=
 reason Granville T. Woods is remembered as one of the most brilliant and r=
esilient inventors of his time. </p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" vali=
gn=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" c=
lass=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr=
></table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"our-features" role=3D"none" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><=
td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0p=
x 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"t=
op" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:cent=
er;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;=
"><span style=3D"color:#030712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Introducing New Data P=
roducts and Enhancements</b></span></h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table=
></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;te=
xt-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0=
%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"100%"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%=
" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr=
><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table=
 role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D=
"0"><tbody><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top" style=3D"colo=
r:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;"><h5 style=3D"c=
olor:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:125.0%;"><b><a class=3D"li=
nk" href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.8Fw1iBSQXZlDsoDD0doHCyT=
nFpV8ia8IWkGvvgSrzn65kifx21nRMRzCTv_68ITWXvXckKpTJw-xOb5Dfgqvj1dwD77i3sd27A=
Vqn9pDd44MGS6ZEm_rV5qVjwohQ32CIirb9-hS7VickMwIEjZUqvqr5BFQaeXCKAy7q-wSAA8Hw=
Oz4Rr5-Cqxvm5zqnkm7IjIzE2tbJGy-vH3LBe4-9NLLbh-JalFmmVJ93uLZ3uTys6Od9mvRwHEx=
JP__mFBE/4h1/uYppA02-T--PeCNEDyqW0A/h12/h001.hBeQZRhjYJDczaVEYe1Bub09H-yRuI=
RZDDiqqJzBAlA" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow"><span=
>Introducing IDiyas=E2=80=99 Inventor Membership Program</span></a></b></h5=
></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;te=
xt-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0=
%;"><span style=3D"color:rgb(3, 7, 18);">Our Premium members on average hav=
e 312 patents.</span></p></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" styl=
e=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"m=
so-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> IDiyas is the world=E2=80=99s largest resource=
 for celebrating and supporting inventors. Become a member of the IDiyas In=
ventor Membership Program to foster the community of innovation =E2=80=93 l=
ocally and globally. Access millions of inventors and patents, and connect =
through networking and engaging events. Join today to enjoy exclusive benef=
its with our limited-time membership offer. </p></td></tr></tbody></table><=
/td><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><ta=
ble role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding-bott=
om:10px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-top:10px; " class=3D"d=
d"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" st=
yle=3D"margin:0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=
=3D"width:267px;"><img src=3D"https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=
=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/f=
ile/a5eab00a-d0cb-43e4-89e3-ede692186a89/membership-plan.png?t=3D1741590267=
" alt=3D"" height=3D"auto" width=3D"267" style=3D"display:block;width:100%;=
border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;border-style:solid;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0=
px;box-sizing:border-box;border-color:#E5E7EB;" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></t=
able></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align=3D=
"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px=
 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" bor=
der=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nb=
sp; </td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"centurion-patentors" r=
ole=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
" style=3D""><tr><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;=
padding:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" borde=
r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"c=
enter" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15=
px;text-align:center;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-=
height-alt:200.0%;"><span style=3D"color:#030712;"><b>Centurion Patentors</=
b></span></h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=
=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break=
:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><t=
d class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;wor=
d-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> Congratulati=
ons to last week&#39;s Centurion Patentors!<br>We are excited to welcome th=
e following inventors into these prestigious patent clubs: </p></td></tr><t=
r><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"padding-bottom:10px;padding-=
left:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-top:10px; " class=3D"dd"><table role=
=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:=
0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"width:630p=
x;"><img src=3D"https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,fo=
rmat=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/uploads/asset/file/d1aad808-04d=
9-4f7a-b237-9148377126d8/centurion.png?t=3D1748871179" alt=3D"" height=3D"a=
uto" width=3D"630" style=3D"display:block;width:100%;" border=3D"0"/></td><=
/tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:=
0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"><p style=3D"mso-line-heigh=
t-alt:150.0%;"> For more info about their research & patents, <b><a class=
=3D"link" href=3D"https://link.mail.beehiiv.com/ss/c/u001.8Fw1iBSQXZlDsoDD0=
doHC1JSRNr6CGenezzgbJtfhypNK5nzDqDr5OqiINGvo8K22GRYjJsJ-zKcurDvnEcXCKNVCY6N=
K-lDFKk0FYHzRfVMgpAiznOkqCQ_qOsm_4kRnjSH3MThZUcpH0N1lZ5VVEDoZ4zmg3ziS-PMJSY=
OJctzeeH9S_bEhL9qTqCBXD6JxpDCc92HCAXh2l9ZNtzqv4mlhB5a9fLxvfjyGPY9JLEXMby5DD=
Z2xldte4t0RAGJUUMToSNQXa27uLkowd99Cr6Mv9P8PU3rpR96G6JweAg/4h1/uYppA02-T--Pe=
CNEDyqW0A/h13/h001.X6at1r-_vmoH8-MiZT4j_mzuqX8hIYap5yBscqN5z8k" target=3D"_=
blank" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer nofollow"><span style=3D"color: rgb(26, 1=
52, 255)">click here</span></a></b></p></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" v=
align=3D"top" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;=
" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td><=
/tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table id=3D"trivia-answer" role=3D"none" wid=
th=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr=
><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" style=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.=
0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D=
"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:ce=
nter;"><h2 style=3D"color:#2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0=
%;"><span style=3D"color:#030712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Trivia</b></span></h=
2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=
=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;"=
><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"10=
0%"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tr><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-=
align:top;" class=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td class=3D"dd" alig=
n=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;=
"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"> The first Plant Patent was a Cl=
imbing or Trailing Rose called =E2=80=9CNew Dawn=E2=80=9D. </p></td></tr></=
tbody></table></td><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=3D=
"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=
=3D"padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-top:10=
px; " class=3D"dd"><table role=3D"none" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cell=
padding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0 auto 0 auto;"><tr><td align=3D"center" vali=
gn=3D"top" style=3D"width:315px;"><img src=3D"https://media.beehiiv.com/cdn=
-cgi/image/fit=3Dscale-down,format=3Dauto,onerror=3Dredirect,quality=3D80/u=
ploads/asset/file/01fcd710-1085-4dde-912a-b02e67b47ff1/patent.png?t=3D17489=
41334" alt=3D"" height=3D"auto" width=3D"315" style=3D"display:block;width:=
100%;" border=3D"0"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr>=
</table></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"font-siz=
e:0px;line-height:0px;padding:40px 0px 40px;" class=3D"dd"><table class=3D"=
j" role=3D"none" width=3D"70%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" align=3D"center"><tr><td> &nbsp; </td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td=
><table id=3D"recommendations" role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D""><tr><td bgcolor=3D"#f4f4f4" st=
yle=3D"background-color:#f4f4f4;padding:0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><table ro=
le=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"color:#2A2A2=
A;font-weight:400;padding:0px 15px;text-align:center;"><h2 style=3D"color:#=
2A2A2A;font-weight:400;mso-line-height-alt:200.0%;"><span style=3D"color:#0=
30712;font-size:1.5rem;"><b>Recommendations</b></span></h2></td></tr></tabl=
e></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" align=3D"left" style=3D"=
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ne-height-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr><tr><td width=3D"100%"><table role=3D"=
none" width=3D"100%" class=3D"mob-w-full" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0"><tr><td width=3D"50%" style=3D"vertical-align:top;" class=
=3D"mob-stack"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td class=3D"dd" =
align=3D"left" style=3D"padding:0px 15px;text-align:left;word-break:break-w=
ord;"><p style=3D"mso-line-height-alt:150.0%;"></p></td></tr></table></td><=
/tr></table></td></tr><tr><td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top"><table role=
=3D"none" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" a=
lign=3D"center"><tr><td><tr><td class=3D"b" align=3D"center" valign=3D"top"=
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rder-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color: #FFFFFF;border-bottom-left-radius=
:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;"><table role=3D"none" width=3D"100%"=
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