[86359] in North American Network Operators' Group
The Folly of Peering Ratios
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (William B. Norton)
Wed Nov 2 14:04:13 2005
Date: Wed, 2 Nov 2005 11:03:26 -0800
From: "William B. Norton" <bill.norton@gmail.com>
Reply-To: bill.norton@gmail.com
To: nanog@merit.edu
Cc: bill.norton@gmail.com
Errors-To: owner-nanog@merit.edu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==