[89497] in Discussion of MIT-community interests
You've got to check this out...(1 days left)
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Flight Simulator)
Wed Oct 5 08:54:54 2016
Date: Wed, 5 Oct 2016 14:53:11 +0200
From: "Flight Simulator" <FreeFlightSimulator@suprflight.bid>
Reply-To: "Flight Simulator" <FreeFlightSimulator@suprflight.bid>
To: <mit-talk-mtg@charon.mit.edu>
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You've got to check this out...(1 days left)
http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy
Hi,
This is important:
Have you secured ProFlightSimulator yet?
If not, go immediately to do so...
** Price is GOING UP in 24 hours time **
http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy
As I've said, this is the most *REALISTIC*
flight simulator that ever hit the market
and it's still at a ridiculous low price
If you want to experience REAL LIFE flying
on your PC or MAC, ProFlightSimualtor will
be the perfect game for you.
With over 120 aircrafts & 20,000 airports,
this is the most comprehensive flight sim.
Check it out and see why I endorse it so much.
You'll love it.
So hurry...before this offer ends:
==> Click Here to view
http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy
Take care.
David Miller
The Most Realistic Game
http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy
to re-move
http://suprflight.bid/b-HUq3xVrF8lSJkAKvFEXp92GxmNmnj7jUyxxD63iw
Each type of fortress had different advantages. Manu (author of the Manusmṛti a Vedic text) considered the hill forts offers the best defenses. Some Sanskrit text also consider hill forts to be the abode of gods and hence auspicious. Manu also considers the disadvantages of other fortresses. A fortress surrounded by water often sheltered reptiles and snakes, which made for a rapid spread of disease; on the other hand, reptiles and snakes could deter an assault on a fortress, and disease could force the enemy to lift a siege.Earth fortresses often swarmed with rats and rodents, which might in the long run eat away their foundations. Monkeys plagued the inhabitants of arboreal fortresses, while a fortress that housed a lot of people had to be kept well supplied with food and water to feed all those mouths.However the Mahabharata considers Nri-durga to be the best defensive structures. Most of the time a combination of defenses were used to guard the fort. Ranthambore Fort, for example, stands on a hill (giri-durga) and used to be surrounded by dense forests (vana-durga). When a considerable garrison of soldiers was billeted in it, the castle could also be classified as nri-durga.The method of planning of the fort is also described along with the layout of the roads. Kautilya suggests that the roads should be laid along the four cardinal directions with a temple at the centre. The Kings house should be at the north.One of the oldest and most well preserved of such structures are the excavated ruins of ancient fortifications at Sisupalgarh in Orissa. It is estimated to date from the 3rd century BCE and was in occupation for a thousand years at least. Outlines of the fort indicate it had eight gates and thick walls. The western gate was quite elaborate. In 2005, sonar analyais suggested the presence of a deep moatWith the advent of the Muslims, closely followed by the introduction of artillery in the 16th century there were several changes to the construction and design of forts. These changes were similar to the changes that took place in Western forts with the advent of gunpowder, i.e. the lowering of walls, thickening of walls, further pushing out of bastions etc. The construction of a citadel in the centre and putting in more area between the citadel and the walls was characteristic of Muslim forts (influenced in turn by the Norman motte and bailey). Classic examples of such structures are the Golkonda and the Berar fort.The gates of medieval Indian forts were highly decorated. Two distinct styles are seen. The Hindu style with a lintel and the Mughal style with an arch. Gates in Indian forts were often high and wide to allow elephants to pass. Often they had rows of sharp, stout iron spikes to dissuade an attacking army from using elephants to break down the gates. Such a gate with spikes can be seen on the Shaniwarwada fort, Pune. The walls of the forts were often looked higher from the outside than the inside as the forts made use of the natural rock formations on hills. This not only gave an illustion of greater height but also lead to the lower walls of the fort to be entirely made up of natural rock providing almost a perfect defense against the use of a battering ram or elephants to tear down the walls. The main gate to the forts was located mostly facing north direction, this was to avoid its deterioration by the rains,winds and the sun.around the fort.Stone was the most important material for building fortifications in medieval India. Walls were erected by one of the following three construction methods. A wall could be an earthen rampart faced with stone on both sides. The rampart was built using the earth excavated while digging the ditch, with three-quarters of it used for building a rampart and one-quarter for levelling out the surface inside the fortress and in front of the ditch. Facing the rampart with stone allowed for the erection of higher and steeper walls than those possible with a purely earthen rampart. The structure had a substantial shortcoming, however: an earthen core accumulated water, which could destroy the stone shell. Drainage channels were therefore installed along the length of the wall from top to bottom. The main binding material for construction was Lime mortar.
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<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;"><b><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy"><img alt="It might not be too late... (open now)" src="http://suprflight.bid/0e93f262d44418cea6.gif" style="" /> </a></b></span></div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Hi,</strong></span><br />
</p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">This is important:<br />
Have you secured <strong>ProFlightSimulator</strong> yet?</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">If not, go immediately to do so...</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family:verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy">** Price is GOING UP in 24 hours time **</a></strong></span></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">As I've said, this is the most <strong>*REALISTIC*</strong> flight simulator<br />
that ever hit the market and it's still at a <span style="font-family:tahoma,geneva,sans-serif;"><strong><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy">ridiculous low<br />
price.</a></strong></span></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">If you want to experience <strong>REAL LIFE</strong> flying on your <strong>PC</strong><br />
or <strong>MAC</strong>, <strong>ProFlightSimualtor</strong> will be the perfect game<br />
for you.</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;"><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy"><img alt="You've got to check this out...(1 days left)" src="http://suprflight.bid/6be14f87ee69d89a96.gif" style="" /> </a></span></div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">With over 120 aircrafts & 20,000 airports, this is the most<br />
comprehensive flight sim. Check it out and see why I<br />
endorse it so much.</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">You'll love it.</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">So hurry...before this offer ends:</span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span style="font-family: lucida sans unicode,lucida grande,sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy">==> Click Here to view</a></b></span></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 40px;"> </div>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;">Take care.<br />
<strong>Linda Parker</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong><a href="http://suprflight.bid/yHpVP0OCtcAPd_ykuLgvqAGKL2JewSUMtzXZ4mYy">>>The Most Realistic Game<<</a></strong></span></p>
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Each type of fortress had different advantages. Manu (author of the Manusmṛti a Vedic text) considered the hill forts offers the best defenses. Some Sanskrit text also consider hill forts to be the abode of gods and hence auspicious. Manu also considers the disadvantages of other fortresses. A fortress surrounded by water often sheltered reptiles and snakes, which made for a rapid spread of disease; on the other hand, reptiles and snakes could deter an assault on a fortress, and disease could force the enemy to lift a siege.Earth fortresses often swarmed with rats and rodents, which might in the long run eat away their foundations. Monkeys plagued the inhabitants of arboreal fortresses, while a fortress that housed a lot of people had to be kept well supplied with food and water to feed all those mouths.However the Mahabharata considers Nri-durga to be the best defensive structures. Most of the time a combination of defenses were used to guard the fort. Ranthambore Fort, for example, stands on a hill (giri-durga) and used to be surrounded by dense forests (vana-durga). When a considerable garrison of soldiers was billeted in it, the castle could also be classified as nri-durga.The method of planning of the fort is also described along with the layout of the roads. Kautilya suggests that the roads should be laid along the four cardinal directions with a temple at the centre. The Kings house should be at the north.One of the oldest and most well preserved of such structures are the excavated ruins of ancient fortifications at Sisupalgarh in Orissa. It is estimated to date from the 3rd century BCE and was in occupation for a thousand years at least. Outlines of the fort indicate it had eight gates and thick walls. The western gate was quite elaborate. In 2005, sonar analyais suggested the presence of a deep moatWith the advent of the Muslims, closely followed by the introduction of artillery in the 16th century there were several changes to the construction and design of forts. These changes were similar to the changes that took place in Western forts with the advent of gunpowder, i.e. the lowering of walls, thickening of walls, further pushing out of bastions etc. The construction of a citadel in the centre and putting in more area between the citadel and the walls was characteristic of Muslim forts (influenced in turn by the Norman motte and bailey). Classic examples of such structures are the Golkonda and the Berar fort.The gates of medieval Indian forts were highly decorated. Two distinct styles are seen. The Hindu style with a lintel and the Mughal style with an arch. Gates in Indian forts were often high and wide to allow elephants to pass. Often they had rows of sharp, stout iron spikes to dissuade an attacking army from using elephants to break down the gates. Such a gate with spikes can be seen on the Shaniwarwada fort, Pune. The walls of the forts were often looked higher from the outside than the inside as the forts made use of the natural rock formations on hills. This not only gave an illustion of greater height but also lead to the lower walls of the fort to be entirely made up of natural rock providing almost a perfect defense against the use of a battering ram or elephants to tear down the walls. The main gate to the forts was located mostly facing north direction, this was to avoid its deterioration by the rains,winds and the sun.around the fort.Stone was the most important material for building fortifications in medieval India. Walls were erected by one of the following three construction methods. A wall could be an earthen rampart faced with stone on both sides. The rampart was built using the earth excavated while digging the ditch, with three-quarters of it used for building a rampart and one-quarter for levelling out the surface inside the fortress and in front of the ditch. Facing the rampart with stone allowed for the erection of higher and steeper walls than those possible with a purely earthen rampart. The structure had a substantial shortcoming, however: an earthen core accumulated water, which could destroy the stone shell. Drainage channels were therefore installed along the length of the wall from top to bottom. The main binding material for construction was Lime mortar.<a href="http://suprflight.bid/CNYx91Qw1L11uO3zr2SNDK86a7nD92fPu33Hgmfw"><img src="http://suprflight.bid/f2027d147d09d634eb.jpg" /></a> <img height="1" src="http://www.suprflight.bid/tQZzE3rIsZZFvKeO4yYBZwwQVS3BvzmkOVjcwdX8" width="1" />
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