[47026] in Discussion of MIT-community interests
Get To know- The real emerald isle
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Experience Ireland)
Fri Jul 24 21:05:00 2015
To: <mit-talk-mtg@charon.mit.edu>
From: "Experience Ireland" <ExperienceIreland@agreeksloan.xyz>
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2015 18:04:57 -0700
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<p align="right" style="font: 11px;">would found historical science. The reason of this opposition is manifest; and an explanation will clearly show why it is, and always will be, 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee
impossible to write a history upon Mr. Buckle’s programme, and why he must be disappointed in his expectation of reducing history to a science. CMOOI </p>
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<p align="right" style="font: 12px;">All sciences are either inductive or deductive. We need not waste time in arguing with Mr. Buckle that history is not a deductive science, for he SYJRR
himself spends several pages in proving this proposition. It must, therefore be a science depending upon induction. Now what [321] is induction? Though essentially the same as of old, this act of reason is UTBQVXE
differently conducted now. Formerly, if two or three instances suggested a 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee principle or a generali sation to the mind, this principle was said to be
gained by induction. Or EJKFAISS if a mere guess or fancy could be strengthened by a few instances or analogies, 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee this might readily 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee be turned into an inductive
argument: “It is the case in this, and a second and YEB third instance, therefore in all.” But this loose unscientific induction is now changed;
the instances have to be well manipulated before they can be used for a true induction; and not only similarities but dissimilarities have to be CGFHTTXEO
investigated. We must abstract all WQIRLF 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee points of UFDU difference before adding 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee the various elements; induction therefore is not only addition but subtraction
also. Before we can include two things under a general law, we must subtract all that 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee makes them different from one another; otherwise we </p>
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<p align="left">should include contradictions in a pretended unity. Now, if JJGVOGE we submit men 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee and human actions to the crucible of induction, they must be “prepared,” like everything else, for the process. The unlike must
first be abstracted. Take any two men: what is the first element that constitutes their difference? Clearly their personality; John is not 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee
Robert; not because they have a different nature, but because they have a different personality. If we wish to include John and Robert under a single HAFNBKTI
generalisation, the 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee first thing we must divest them 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee of is personality, with all its TPF distinctive characteristics, the chief of which is usually said to
be hidom of the will. man, then, in this induction is not real RWVPNFJB man; he is no longer a personal 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee hi agent, but a machine, 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee subject in MEGPY his movements to </p>
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<p>those laws RYFPN of action which remain after personality and hi-will have been subtracted. thus, if hi-will is the source 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee of action in LTW men, it will be impossible
ever to reduce NCKRMGA all the sources of human action to an inductive generalisation, such as will enable us to 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee predict how 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee men IWHATERHL will act. BKX hi-will refuses the inductive process. the only chance is, to prove that
hi-will does not exist, or is not such a source of action. [322] this mr. Buckle has attempted to do in various ways. In his first chapter he tries 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee
to prove FTNELOJCE that “the actions of men, and therefore of societies, are governed by fixed XXB laws”; how weakly, we have shown NCN above. We reproduce the thesis
here to show that even Mr. Buckle allows that individuals are the primary elements of societies, and that the laws of society may be deduced from the 7ea99ed1b6714702bd5343b786c98bee .</p>
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