[112021] in Discussion of MIT-community interests
Save money?? Because of this offer- you might!
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (VABenefit Survey)
Mon Dec 3 10:13:17 2018
Date: Mon, 3 Dec 2018 15:47:15 +0100
From: "VABenefit Survey" <assist@getnewpln.bid>
Reply-To: "VABenefit Survey" <assist@getnewpln.bid>
To: <mit-talk-mtg@charon.mit.edu>
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Save money?? Because of this offer- you might!
http://getnewpln.bid/clk.2-2c23-2979-17d46-bfa-1726-0300-0af3c23e
http://getnewpln.bid/clk.14-2c23-2979-17d46-bfa-1726-0300-12fcb6b8
The apparent color of natural bodies of water (and swimming pools) is often determined more by dissolved and suspended solids, or by reflection of the sky, than by water itself.
Light in the visible electromagnetic spectrum can traverse a couple meters of pure water (or ice) without significant absorption, so that it looks transparent and colorless. Thus aquatic plants, algae, and other photosynthetic organisms can live in water up to hundreds of meters deep, because sunlight can reach them. Water vapour is essentially invisible as a gas.
Through a thickness of 10 meters (33 ft) or more, however, the intrinsic color of water (or ice) is visibly turquoise (greenish blue), as its absorption spectrum has a sharp minimum at the corresponding color of light (1/227 m−1 at 418 nm). The color becomes increasingly stronger and darker with increasing thickness. (Practically no sunlight reaches the parts of the oceans below 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) of depth.) Infrared and ultraviolet light, on the other hand, is strongly absorbed by water.
The refraction index of liquid water (1.333 at 20 °C (68 °F)) is much higher than that of air (1.0), similar to those of alkanes and ethanol, but lower than those of glycerol (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water.
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<p style="color:#ffffff;font-size:5px;"><strong><strong>The apparent color of natural bodies of water (and swimming pools) is often determined more by dissolved and suspended solids, or by reflection of the sky, than by water itself. Light in the visible electromagnetic spectrum can traverse a couple meters of pure water (or ice) without significant absorption, so that it looks transparent and colorless. Thus aquatic plants, algae, and other photosynthetic organisms can live in water up to hundreds of meters deep, because sunlight can reach them. Water vapour is essentially invisible as a gas. <a href="http://getnewpln.bid/clk.0-2c23-2979-17d46-bfa-1726-0300-bd76d68c"><img src="http://getnewpln.bid/2e1b0a2be893c1cd5d.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.getnewpln.bid/clk.e-2c23-2979-17d46-bfa-1726-0300-70d1086c" width="1" /></a> Through a thickness of 10 meters (33 ft) or more, however, the intrinsic color of water (or ice) is visibly turquoise (greenish blue), as its absorption spectrum has a sharp minimum at the corresponding color of light (1/227 m−1 at 418 nm). The color becomes increasingly stronger and darker with increasing thickness. (Practically no sunlight reaches the parts of the oceans below 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) of depth.) Infrared and ultraviolet light, on the other hand, is strongly absorbed by water. The refraction index of liquid water (1.333 at 20 °C (68 °F)) is much higher than that of air (1.0), similar to those of alkanes and ethanol, but lower than those of glycerol (1.473), benzene (1.501), carbon disulfide (1.627), and common types of glass (1.4 to 1.6). The refraction index of ice (1.31) is lower than that of liquid water. </strong></strong></p>
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