[93379] in tlhIngan-Hol
Re: [Tlhingan-hol] Klingon Word of the Day: qaj
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Steven Boozer)
Fri May 25 16:27:53 2012
From: Steven Boozer <sboozer@uchicago.edu>
To: "tlhingan-hol@kli.org" <tlhingan-hol@kli.org>
Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 20:27:27 +0000
In-Reply-To: <C7FD47A3-2F2A-4AE2-93B9-287FE789F079@gmail.com>
Errors-To: tlhingan-hol-bounces@stodi.digitalkingdom.org
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Cruising in {tlhIngan Hol}:
qughDo motlh: pIvlob vagh
Normal Cruising Speed - Warp 5 KBoP
'aqroS qughDo: pIvlob Hut vI' vagh
Maximum Cruising Speed - Warp 9.5. KBoP
qughDuj cruiser [ship]
qughDo cruising speed
BTW, Captain Krankor coined *{qughwI'} "motorcycle" -- literally "cruiser" =
- as unofficial slang for a particular class of motorcycle (cf. Krankor's a=
rticle in HQ 12.4).
--
Voragh
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons
From: lojmIt tI'wI'nuv [mailto:lojmitti7wi7nuv@gmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, May 24, 2012 1:15 PM
The word "cruise" is more interesting than most people take it to be. It im=
plies a specific "normal" speed at which a vessel travels for long stretche=
s of time.
In America, cops drive "police cars", but state police drive "cruisers". Th=
at's because they spend most of their time driving on Interstate highways a=
t one speed all day. They don't sit in traffic in cities.
There are many kinds of motorcycles, but one style is called a "cruiser". I=
t's that really big motorcycle with a windshield and hard-shelled storage b=
ags that weighs as much as a small car. It's built for the highway, not for=
driving around town between stop lights.
The term "cruising speed" on an airplane has real meaning. It's the most fu=
el-efficient speed at which the air-frame flies. Since wings are actually e=
nergy converters, bending the physics of the oncoming mass of air, converti=
ng air speed into lift, you can increase and decrease lift either by changi=
ng your air speed or the angle of attack of the wing. The cruising speed of=
an airplane is the functional equivalent of the speed at which a glider re=
aches its optimal L/D (pronounced "El over dee"), a.k.a. its optimal glide =
ratio. This is not the same thing as the air speed at which a glider descen=
ds slowest, staying in the air longest. That is the equivalent of a powered=
plane's climbing speed (the speed at which an aircraft with full throttle =
will climb faster than any other air speed).
So, to balance the lift against the weight at a given air speed, you choose=
the angle of attack for the wing that generates exactly that much lift at =
your current air speed. If you decrease your air speed, you have to increas=
e the angle of attack, exposing the belly of the fuselage and the underside=
of the wing to the oncoming air, generating drag that you have to compensa=
te for by burning more fuel to generate more thrust.
If you increase your speed to something above your cruising speed, you have=
to go nose down some to put the angle of attack less than the wing was des=
igned to operate. The top of the fuselage is turned some into the oncoming =
air and you get more drag. So, now you have to burn more fuel both to overc=
ome the normal drag of increased speed (drag increases exponentially with i=
ncreases of air speed), plus the increased drag created by the top of the f=
uselage and the top surface of the wings.
There really is one speed at which most airplanes are designed to fly. That=
's the cruise speed. You pay at the pump for any deviation from it.
Except for fighter jets, which don't really use wings to fly. They fly almo=
st entirely based on thrust. Ridiculous quantities of thrust. The wings mos=
tly serve to give you control surfaces for attitude control, and to hang bo=
mbs and missiles from. Turn off the engine and they have the glide ratio of=
a Greyhound bus. They glide with slightly more grace than a brick.
As one flight instructor said of one of those VTOL military jets during his=
chapter on the physics of flight said, pointing to the video behind him of=
a Harrier hovering, "Want to know what makes that aircraft fly? Money! Mon=
ey makes that airplane fly!"
So, in the Star Trek universe, what does it mean to cruise? Space doesn't c=
are about lift. Captains order wide variations of warp speeds and impulse e=
ngines. There's never any indication that a starship has one speed at which=
it flies more efficiently than any other speed. They never refuel because =
they collect antimatter as they go along. There's no sense that there's any=
energy budget. They have an infinite number of photon torpedoes and shield=
s and phasers are only reduced by damage taken, from which they can heal if=
given time to regenerate. Sort of like engines that are giving them all th=
ey've got and can't take much more... but after a rest, they work just fine=
. Sort of like cowboys that can get flesh wounds in the shoulder week after=
week without ever losing any long-term functionality in their arms or hand=
s.
It's a hole in the fiction, like six-shooters that never need to reload.
So, what can it mean to cruise in a "cruiser" class star ship? What would "=
cruising speed" mean?
pItlh
lojmIt tI'wI'nuv
On May 24, 2012, at 10:44 AM, Steven Boozer wrote:
Klingon word: qaj
Part of speech: verb
Definition: soar
Never used in a sentence.
WRT birds according to HolQeD 10.4:4.
Related verbs:
qugh cruise
puv fly
FYI {qugh} has only been used by Okrand WRT space vessels (particularly in =
the BOP Poster). See also the compounds {qughDo} "cruising speed" and {qug=
hDuj} "cruiser".
--
Voragh
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
Cruising in {tlhIngan Hol}:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
<o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
qughDo motlh: pIvlob vagh
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
Normal Cruising Speed - Warp 5 KBoP<o:p></o:p></span></font></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
'aqroS qughDo: pIvlob Hut vI' vagh
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:.2in;text-indent:-.2in;line-hei=
ght:12.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly">
<font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">=
Maximum Cruising Speed - Warp 9.5. KBoP<o:p></o:p></span></font=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"> qughDuj &=
nbsp; cruiser [ship]
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"> qughDo &nb=
sp; cruising speed<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"><br>
BTW, Captain Krankor coined *{qughwI'} “motorcycle” -- literall=
y "cruiser" – as unofficial slang for a particular class of=
motorcycle (cf. Krankor’s article in HQ 12.4).<o:p></o:p></span></fo=
nt></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt">--<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt">Voragh<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt">Ca'Non Master of the Klingons<o:p></o:p></span></fon=
t></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:14.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" color=3D"#1f497d" face=3D"Courier N=
ew"><span style=3D"font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";col=
or:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span style=3D"f=
ont-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";font-=
weight:bold">From:</span></font></b><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span =
style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif&q=
uot;"> lojmIt
tI'wI'nuv [<a href=3D"mailto:lojmitti7wi7nuv@gmail.com">mailto:lojmitti7wi=
7nuv@gmail.com</a>]
<br>
<b><span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Thursday, May 24, 2012=
1:15 PM<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The word "cruise" is more interesting than=
most people take it to be. It implies a specific "normal" speed =
at which a vessel travels for long stretches of time. <o:p></o:p></spa=
n></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">In America, cops drive "police cars", but =
state police drive "cruisers". That's because they spend most of =
their time driving on Interstate highways at one speed all day.
They don't sit in traffic in cities.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">There are many kinds of motorcycles, but one style i=
s called a "cruiser". It's that really big motorcycle with a wind=
shield and hard-shelled storage bags that weighs as
much as a small car. It's built for the highway, not for driving around to=
wn between stop lights.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">The term "cruising speed" on an airplane h=
as real meaning. It's the most fuel-efficient speed at which the air-frame =
flies. Since wings are actually energy converters,
bending the physics of the oncoming mass of air, converting air speed into=
lift, you can increase and decrease lift either by changing your air speed=
or the angle of attack of the wing. The cruising speed of an airplane is t=
he functional equivalent of the
speed at which a glider reaches its optimal L/D (pronounced "El over =
dee"), a.k.a. its optimal glide ratio. This is not the same thing as t=
he air speed at which a glider descends slowest, staying in the air longest=
. That is the equivalent of a powered plane's
climbing speed (the speed at which an aircraft with full throttle will cli=
mb faster than any other air speed).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">So, to balance the lift against the weight at a give=
n air speed, you choose the angle of attack for the wing that generates exa=
ctly that much lift at your current air
speed. If you decrease your air speed, you have to increase the angle of a=
ttack, exposing the belly of the fuselage and the underside of the wing to =
the oncoming air, generating drag that you have to compensate for by burnin=
g more fuel to generate more thrust.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">If you increase your speed to something above your c=
ruising speed, you have to go nose down some to put the angle of attack les=
s than the wing was designed to operate.
The top of the fuselage is turned some into the oncoming air and you get m=
ore drag. So, now you have to burn more fuel both to overcome the normal dr=
ag of increased speed (drag increases exponentially with increases of air s=
peed), plus the increased drag created
by the top of the fuselage and the top surface of the wings. <o:p></o=
:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">There really is one speed at which most airplanes ar=
e designed to fly. That's the cruise speed. You pay at the pump for any dev=
iation from it.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Except for fighter jets, which don't really use wing=
s to fly. They fly almost entirely based on thrust. Ridiculous quantities o=
f thrust. The wings mostly serve to give
you control surfaces for attitude control, and to hang bombs and missiles =
from. Turn off the engine and they have the glide ratio of a Greyhound bus.=
They glide with slightly more grace than a brick.<o:p></o:p></span></font>=
</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">As one flight instructor said of one of those VTOL m=
ilitary jets during his chapter on the physics of flight said, pointing to =
the video behind him of a Harrier hovering,
"Want to know what makes that aircraft fly? Money! Money makes that a=
irplane fly!"<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">So, in the Star Trek universe, what does it mean to =
cruise? Space doesn't care about lift. Captains order wide variations of wa=
rp speeds and impulse engines. There's never
any indication that a starship has one speed at which it flies more effici=
ently than any other speed. They never refuel because they collect antimatt=
er as they go along. There's no sense that there's any energy budget. They =
have an infinite number of photon
torpedoes and shields and phasers are only reduced by damage taken, from w=
hich they can heal if given time to regenerate. Sort of like engines that a=
re giving them all they've got and can't take much more... but after a rest=
, they work just fine. Sort of like
cowboys that can get flesh wounds in the shoulder week after week without =
ever losing any long-term functionality in their arms or hands.<o:p></o:p><=
/span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">It's a hole in the fiction, like six-shooters that n=
ever need to reload.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">So, what can it mean to cruise in a "cruiser&qu=
ot; class star ship? What would "cruising speed" mean?<o:p></o:p>=
</span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica">=
<span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","san=
s-serif";color:black">pItlh<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica">=
<span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","san=
s-serif";color:black">lojmIt tI'wI'nuv<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"4" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica">=
<span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","san=
s-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">On May 24, 2012, at 10:44 AM, Steven Boozer wrote:<o=
:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Klingon word: qaj<br>
Part of speech: verb<br>
Definition: soar<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</blockquote>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Never used in a sentence.<br>
<br>
WRT birds according to HolQeD 10.4:4. <br>
<br>
Related verbs:<br>
<br>
qugh <span class=3D"apple-tab-span"> &nb=
sp; </span>cruise<br>
puv <span class=3D"apple-tab-span"> &nbs=
p; </span>fly<br>
<br>
FYI {qugh} has only been used by Okrand WRT space vessels (particularly in =
the BOP Poster). See also the compounds {qughDo} "cruising speed=
" and {qughDuj} "cruiser".<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
Voragh<br>
Ca'Non Master of the Klingons<br>
<br>
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</span></font></p>
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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