[648] in tlhIngan-Hol
prepositions
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU)
Thu Apr 22 11:34:01 1993
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Reply-To: "Klingon Language List" <tlhIngan-Hol@village.boston.ma.us>
From: A.APPLEYARD@fs1.mt.umist.ac.uk
To: "Klingon Language List" <tlhIngan-Hol@village.boston.ma.us>
Date: 22 Apr 93 12:30:51 GMT
The only prepositional matter in TKD are:-
Daq NS5 locative (= at / in / to / into)
vo' NS5 from
bing N area_under
Dung N area_[above|overhead]
joj N area_between
retlh N area_beside
yoS N [district|area]
But often more precise description of place relative to something else is
needed. Assuming e.g. that `Daq` means "into" or "to" with verbs of motion is
not always sufficient, as movement can both start and stop in/at some object:-
e.g. `nagh bingDaq yitpu' vetlh` =
(a) the cockroach went (from in the open to a position) under the stone =
Latin 'carabus iit sub lapid<em>' (accusative);
(b) the cockroach went (= moved about and was always) under the stone =
Latin 'carabus iit sub lapid<e>' (ablative);
Also sometimes in writing I have had trouble avoiding creating ambiguity
between "out of" as "from inside to outside" and as "always outside". Could
(b) be distinguished from (a) by using the VS7 prefix `taH` = "continuously"
after the `Daq` to modify it?: `nagh bingDaqtaH yitpu' vetlh`. This form is
currently illegal: it would likely need an authorization from Marc Okrand.
Also sometimes "at" needs distinguishing from "in", e.g. "at the car" from
"in the car". This could be done by providing a noun, say `Z`, = "area
inside": `lupDujHomDaq` = "at the shuttlecraft", `lupDujHom ZDaq` = "in the
shuttlecraft" (if it was on the ground at the time).
How to distinguish "on" from "in" and "above"?
