[101513] in tlhIngan-Hol
Re: [Tlhingan-hol] qaghwI' between consonants
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Karen Alessio)
Mon Oct 26 10:37:49 2015
In-Reply-To: <5D62D26B-142F-44A2-BE31-69F3EE17F317@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2015 10:37:33 -0400
From: Karen Alessio <karenalessio@gmail.com>
To: tlhingan-hol@stodi.digitalkingdom.org
Errors-To: tlhingan-hol-bounces@kli.org
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This was amazingly helpful.
And so very well explained. where can I access these older publications?
Were the articles all written in linguistics jargon like this? (because
somehow that sort of thing makes more sense to me than layman's terms
usually do).
Thanks so much for sharing. this was precisely the answer I was looking
for regarding syllable structure!
On Oct 25, 2015 8:18 PM, "lojmIt tI'wI' nuv 'utlh" <
lojmitti7wi7nuv@gmail.com> wrote:
> In HolQeD, The Journal of the Klingon Language Institute (no longer
> published), Volume 1, Number 1, March, 1992, in the first article, Lawren=
ce
> M. Schoen wrote an article on the difference between tlhIngan Hol vs.
> klingonaase, the latter being the source of a lot of these impossible
> pronunciations. In the second article in the same volume, Allan C. Wechsl=
er
> wrote under the title =E2=80=9CFirst Steps Towards a Phonological Theory =
of
> Klingon=E2=80=9D the author gives great detail (four pages of text) talki=
ng about
> the nature of the sounds used in the Klingon language before getting to t=
he
> subtopic =E2=80=9CThe syllable structure of Klingon=E2=80=9D.
>
> What follows may be drinking from a fire hose for some people, but it=E2=
=80=99s
> just a small outtake from an 8 page article.
>
> =E2=80=9CThe vast majority of Klingon syllables have the shape CVC [Conso=
nant,
> Vowel, Consonant]. We will therefore, speak of the C1 and C2 of a typical
> syllable. There are also a number of syllables with the variant shape CV;
> we will regard these has having a null C2. No syllable has a null C1.=E2=
=80=9D
>
> =E2=80=9CAll the consonants of Klingon occur both as C1 and as C2. Furthe=
rmore,
> all possible C1-V combinations actually occur, as do all possible V-C2
> combinations except */uw/ and */ow/ (see above for a possible explanation
> of this gap). Thus, there are no obvious contact constraints. Klingon doe=
s
> not appear to have any conditioned assimilations or other phonological
> rules. Almost no consonant clusters are permitted within syllables, but I
> discuss some anomalies below.
>
> =E2=80=9CThe distribution of open syllables=E2=80=9D
>
> =E2=80=9CThe open syllables (those with null C2) show an interesting sema=
ntic
> pattern, which is worthy of mention because Klingon has almost no semanti=
c
> component below the level of the syllable. With exactly one known
> exception, Klingon has no morphemes smaller than a syllable. (The excepti=
on
> is the position-1 noun suffix /-oy/ =E2=80=9Cendearment=E2=80=9D). Theref=
ore, it is
> interesting that lack of C2 should have any particular semantic
> significance.=E2=80=9D
>
> =E2=80=9CEvery single one of the 23 pronominal verb prefixes has CV shape=
. CV
> syllables are quite rare elsewhere in the language. There are a dozen or =
so
> open monosyllabic noun stems (e.g. /po/ =E2=80=9Cmorning=E2=80=9D), a few=
recent loan words
> that brought open syllables into the language from outside (e.g. /tera=E2=
=80=99/
> =E2=80=9CEarth=E2=80=9D) and a handful of native disyllables, all of the =
shape CV-CVC, and
> all nouns or adverbs of opaque derivation (e.g. /DIvI=E2=80=99/ =E2=80=9C=
federation",
> /nIteb/ =E2=80=9Calone=E2=80=9D). In addition there is exactly one known =
open monosyllabic
> verb stem, /Da/ =E2=80=9Cact in the manner of=E2=80=9D.
>
> It goes on for several more pages before getting to =E2=80=9CAnomalous sy=
llables=E2=80=9D:
>
> =E2=80=9CKlingon possesses two kinds of anomalous syllables that do not f=
it the
> prevailing CV(C) pattern. The first exceptional pattern is /CVrgh/.
> Apparently, /rgh/ can function as C2 without restriction; in multisyllabi=
c
> words this can lead to CCC sequences at syllable boundaries. An example i=
s
> /burghDaj/ =E2=80=9Cher stomach=E2=80=9D.
>
> =E2=80=A6 =E2=80=9CFor all practical purposes, /-rgh/ functions as a sing=
le segment. The
> most straightforward approach is to analyze it exactly that way: as a
> single complex segment, only appearing in syllable-final position (like t=
he
> dorso-velar nasal /ng/ in English).=E2=80=9D
>
> =E2=80=A6 =E2=80=9CThe other anomalous syllable shape is CVY=E2=80=99, wh=
ere Y represents either
> of the glides /w/ and /y/. The occurring rimes in this category are:
>
> =E2=80=94 =E2=80=94 uy=E2=80=99 =E2=80=94
> ey =E2=80=94 oy=E2=80=99 =E2=80=94
> ay=E2=80=99 aw=E2=80=99
>
> where the hyphens show =E2=80=9Cmissing=E2=80=9D rimes which do not occur=
in the
> (available) lexicon. =E2=80=9C
>
> [end quote]
>
> He goes on for another half page explaining the missing =E2=80=9Crimes=E2=
=80=9D.
>
> I hope this is helpful.
>
> lojmIt tI=E2=80=99wI=E2=80=99 nuv =E2=80=98utlh
> Door Repair Guy, Retired Honorably
>
>
>
> > On Oct 24, 2015, at 1:39 PM, Lieven <levinius@gmx.de> wrote:
> >
> >> > is there a list somewhere of consonant clusters
> >> > allowed/disallowed in tlhingan phonology?
> >
> > jang loghaD:
> >> Not to the best of my knowledge;
> >
> > At least not in any canon source. Dont't forget the Klingon wiki, which
> I recommend for beginners to browse, as it answers lots of questions:
> >
> > http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/ConsonantCluster
> > http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/Phonology
> >
> >> 4) Non-Klingon names have been known to break the above rules. These
> >> include {jemS} ("James"), {qIrq} ("Kirk") and {pIqarD} ("Picard").
> >
> > And the recently discovered {marq 'oqranD}
> >
> > --
> > Lieven L. Litaer
> > aka Quvar valer 'utlh
> > Grammarian of the KLI
> > http://www.facebook.com/Klingonteacher
> > http://www.klingonwiki.net
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Tlhingan-hol mailing list
> > Tlhingan-hol@kli.org
> > http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-hol
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Tlhingan-hol mailing list
> Tlhingan-hol@kli.org
> http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-hol
>
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<p dir=3D"ltr">This was amazingly helpful.<br>
And so very well explained. where can I access these older publications? <b=
r>
Were the articles all written in linguistics jargon like this? (because som=
ehow that sort of thing makes more sense to me than layman's terms usua=
lly do).<br>
Thanks so much for sharing.=C2=A0 this was precisely the answer I was looki=
ng for regarding syllable structure! </p>
<div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Oct 25, 2015 8:18 PM, "lojmIt tI'wI&=
#39; nuv 'utlh" <<a href=3D"mailto:lojmitti7wi7nuv@gmail.com">l=
ojmitti7wi7nuv@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br type=3D"attribution"><blockquote=
class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc soli=
d;padding-left:1ex">In HolQeD, The Journal of the Klingon Language Institut=
e (no longer published), Volume 1, Number 1, March, 1992, in the first arti=
cle, Lawrence M. Schoen wrote an article on the difference between tlhIngan=
Hol vs. klingonaase, the latter being the source of a lot of these impossi=
ble pronunciations. In the second article in the same volume, Allan C. Wech=
sler wrote under the title =E2=80=9CFirst Steps Towards a Phonological Theo=
ry of Klingon=E2=80=9D the author gives great detail (four pages of text) t=
alking about the nature of the sounds used in the Klingon language before g=
etting to the subtopic =E2=80=9CThe syllable structure of Klingon=E2=80=9D.=
<br>
<br>
What follows may be drinking from a fire hose for some people, but it=E2=80=
=99s just a small outtake from an 8 page article.<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CThe vast majority of Klingon syllables have the shape CVC [Consona=
nt, Vowel, Consonant]. We will therefore, speak of the C1 and C2 of a typic=
al syllable. There are also a number of syllables with the variant shape CV=
; we will regard these has having a null C2. No syllable has a null C1.=E2=
=80=9D<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CAll the consonants of Klingon occur both as C1 and as C2. Furtherm=
ore, all possible C1-V combinations actually occur, as do all possible V-C2=
combinations except */uw/ and */ow/ (see above for a possible explanation =
of this gap). Thus, there are no obvious contact constraints. Klingon does =
not appear to have any conditioned assimilations or other phonological rule=
s. Almost no consonant clusters are permitted within syllables, but I discu=
ss some anomalies below.<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CThe distribution of open syllables=E2=80=9D<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CThe open syllables (those with null C2) show an interesting semant=
ic pattern, which is worthy of mention because Klingon has almost no semant=
ic component below the level of the syllable. With exactly one known except=
ion, Klingon has no morphemes smaller than a syllable. (The exception is th=
e position-1 noun suffix /-oy/ =E2=80=9Cendearment=E2=80=9D). Therefore, it=
is interesting that lack of C2 should have any particular semantic signifi=
cance.=E2=80=9D<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CEvery single one of the 23 pronominal verb prefixes has CV shape. =
CV syllables are quite rare elsewhere in the language. There are a dozen or=
so open monosyllabic noun stems (e.g. /po/ =E2=80=9Cmorning=E2=80=9D), a f=
ew recent loan words that brought open syllables into the language from out=
side (e.g. /tera=E2=80=99/ =E2=80=9CEarth=E2=80=9D) and a handful of native=
disyllables, all of the shape CV-CVC, and all nouns or adverbs of opaque d=
erivation (e.g. /DIvI=E2=80=99/ =E2=80=9Cfederation", /nIteb/ =E2=80=
=9Calone=E2=80=9D). In addition there is exactly one known open monosyllabi=
c verb stem, /Da/ =E2=80=9Cact in the manner of=E2=80=9D.<br>
<br>
It goes on for several more pages before getting to =E2=80=9CAnomalous syll=
ables=E2=80=9D:<br>
<br>
=E2=80=9CKlingon possesses two kinds of anomalous syllables that do not fit=
the prevailing CV(C) pattern. The first exceptional pattern is /CVrgh/. Ap=
parently, /rgh/ can function as C2 without restriction; in multisyllabic wo=
rds this can lead to CCC sequences at syllable boundaries. An example is /b=
urghDaj/ =E2=80=9Cher stomach=E2=80=9D.<br>
<br>
=E2=80=A6 =E2=80=9CFor all practical purposes, /-rgh/ functions as a single=
segment. The most straightforward approach is to analyze it exactly that w=
ay: as a single complex segment, only appearing in syllable-final position =
(like the dorso-velar nasal /ng/ in English).=E2=80=9D<br>
<br>
=E2=80=A6 =E2=80=9CThe other anomalous syllable shape is CVY=E2=80=99, wher=
e Y represents either of the glides /w/ and /y/. The occurring rimes in thi=
s category are:<br>
<br>
=E2=80=94 =E2=80=94=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0uy=E2=80=99=C2=A0 =E2=80=94<br>
ey =E2=80=94=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0oy=E2=80=99=C2=A0 =E2=80=94<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0ay=E2=80=99=C2=A0 aw=E2=80=
=99<br>
<br>
where the hyphens show =E2=80=9Cmissing=E2=80=9D rimes which do not occur i=
n the (available) lexicon. =E2=80=9C<br>
<br>
[end quote]<br>
<br>
He goes on for another half page explaining the missing =E2=80=9Crimes=E2=
=80=9D.<br>
<br>
I hope this is helpful.<br>
<br>
lojmIt tI=E2=80=99wI=E2=80=99 nuv =E2=80=98utlh<br>
Door Repair Guy, Retired Honorably<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
> On Oct 24, 2015, at 1:39 PM, Lieven <<a href=3D"mailto:levinius@gmx=
.de">levinius@gmx.de</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
>> > is there a list somewhere of consonant clusters<br>
>> > allowed/disallowed in tlhingan phonology?<br>
><br>
> jang loghaD:<br>
>>=C2=A0 Not to the best of my knowledge;<br>
><br>
> At least not in any canon source. Dont't forget the Klingon wiki, =
which I recommend for beginners to browse, as it answers lots of questions:=
<br>
><br>
> <a href=3D"http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/ConsonantCluster" rel=3D"nore=
ferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/ConsonantCluster</a=
><br>
> <a href=3D"http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/Phonology" rel=3D"noreferrer"=
target=3D"_blank">http://www.klingonwiki.net/En/Phonology</a><br>
><br>
>> 4) Non-Klingon names have been known to break the above rules. The=
se<br>
>> include {jemS} ("James"), {qIrq} ("Kirk") and =
{pIqarD} ("Picard").<br>
><br>
> And the recently discovered {marq 'oqranD}<br>
><br>
> --<br>
> Lieven L. Litaer<br>
> aka Quvar valer 'utlh<br>
> Grammarian of the KLI<br>
> <a href=3D"http://www.facebook.com/Klingonteacher" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">http://www.facebook.com/Klingonteacher</a><br>
> <a href=3D"http://www.klingonwiki.net" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_b=
lank">http://www.klingonwiki.net</a><br>
><br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
> Tlhingan-hol mailing list<br>
> <a href=3D"mailto:Tlhingan-hol@kli.org">Tlhingan-hol@kli.org</a><br>
> <a href=3D"http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-hol" rel=3D"n=
oreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-=
hol</a><br>
<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Tlhingan-hol mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Tlhingan-hol@kli.org">Tlhingan-hol@kli.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-hol" rel=3D"norefe=
rrer" target=3D"_blank">http://mail.kli.org/mailman/listinfo/tlhingan-hol</=
a><br>
</blockquote></div>
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