[3735] in comp.os.os2.announce archive
IBM: OS/2 WARP FM - January 1998
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Timothy Sipples)
Sun Jan 18 02:18:04 1998
To: os2ann.DISCUSS@bloom-picayune.MIT.EDU
Date: 10 Jan 1998 15:01:00 -0500
From: tsipple@us.ibm.com (Timothy Sipples)
Reply-To: tsipple@us.ibm.com (Timothy Sipples)
Reply-to: tsipple@us.ibm.com (Timothy Sipples)
[Followups directed to comp.os.os2.misc]
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VOLUME 3 OS/2 WARP FM January 1998
http://www.software.ibm.com/os/warp/warpfm
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What's Queued Up?
E-Business Potential in Manufacturing
Looking Eastward: Interview with IBM's Software GM for Asia Pacific
TIBCO's MarketSheet for Java: WARP FM January Application of the Month
On the Air with Donn Atkins
OS/2 In the Most Unexpected Places
Are We There Yet?
Information Briefs
WorkSpace On-Demand for the Year 2000
E-Business Potential in Manufacturing
Early January is the target for Ralston Purina to go live with its newly
rewritten Packview application, a Java 1.1-based program that will play a
critical role in the packaging of dog and cat food products. While
implementing mission critical Java software marks a significant milestone
for Ralston and the industry, using this building block is only a small step
when compared to the vast potential created by incorporating the advanced
technology and out-of-box thinking of e-business.
The melding of the world's economies is triggering demand for new ways to
gain palpable productivity improvements. This implies that companies go
beyond their boundaries to redefine processes and interactions. Jitu Desai,
Managing Principal for E-Business Strategy in IBM's Manufacturing Consulting
Industry Solution Unit (ISU), says, "Enterprises can experience enormous
benefits through the systematic and aggressive application of emerging
e-business strategies based on increasingly-available and fast-maturing
network computing principles and technologies." He see the potential for
manufacturing organizations to significantly lower manufacturing and
distribution costs, dramatically reduce cycle times and increase global
sales.
Networking for Cost Reductions
Inventory management is a logical place to start when considering lowering
costs. Extranets, enterprise-to-enterprise connections based on Internet
technology, provide an excellent way to link a company with its suppliers.
A direct link creates the opportunity to restructure inventory management
systems through a variety of methods. For example, connecting a supplier
directly to the real-time data in the inventory monitoring systems enables
"pull" replenishment systems, where a supplier can replace parts as used.
An improved connection between parts suppliers and manufacturers can reduce
lead time requirements and subsequently inventory levels.
Although Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has been used for
inter-enterprise communication for a while, Internet technology now
standardizes how companies connect to one another. Integrating a new
supplier into the extranet is a much simpler undertaking with a standardized
technology rather than a proprietary set-up unique to a specific
manufacturer.
E-business methods can also lead to inventory reductions when applied to
forecasting. Rather than basing order quantities for long lead time items
on weakly supported data, the Internet can serve as a means to gather actual
requirements from customers. Properly applying this type of information --
that is data solicited directly from the people who sell or actually use the
products -- can significantly improve forecast accuracy. Not only do better
forecasts mean less waste, they also mean fewer lost orders caused by low
stock levels.
Saving Time with Flexible Communication Capabilities Cycle time pertains to
nearly every aspect of a manufacturer's business including new product
development, production and response to customer requests. Consequently,
converting any of these areas into an e-business can yield significant
savings and/or opportunities.
For example, end-to-end new car development time can take anywhere from 36
to 60 months. Restructuring communications between key groups using network
computing technology can be one of the mechanisms for compressing
development time to 24 months. An international company headquartered in
the Far East created a common car platform for global use on a number of
models. The implementation of e-business principles and technologies
facilitated the re-engineering that lead to the cycle time reductions.
Creating process improvements by leveraging an intranet or products like
Lotus Notes eliminates extraneous steps, enables spontaneous responses to
inquiries and permits parallel rather than serial processing.
Network technology also can reduce the time it takes for a manufacturer to
respond to customers. Orders that come directly from the consumer are
inherently faster and more efficient than using an intermediary -- as long
as the mechanism for direct orders ensures that all the required information
is gathered and submitted correctly and securely at the right time. Since
the necessary ingredients to ensure this are available, the Internet has the
potential for eliminating the middleman in a number of transactions between
buyers and manufacturers -- which also reduces costs for both the customer
and the vendor. The savings are so significant that a well-known computer
hardware vendor currently using the web for 10-15% of its total sales
intends to increase the percentage to 30% in 1998.
Innovative Paths to Market Growth
And finally, e-business can spur growth in a number of directions. By using
the Internet as an alternate sales channel manufacturers can extend beyond
their traditional sales regions. The Internet also creates new ways to
advertise. Recently, the John Hancock insurance company realized a five
percent "click-through" rate to its home page by using a series of
interactive Java applications as part of its web advertising campaign.
Prior to this, the insurance and financial services company had experienced
only a three percent rate. And in both cases, the rate is significantly
higher than the typical direct mail response.
The latest network technologies are not only creating new advertising
techniques and marketing channels but they also are changing the entire
concept of products. For instance, as the automobile industry begins to
enhance cars with software and networking capabilities for downloading audio
and video information, a car can become an entertainment center as well as a
transportation vehicle. This metamorphosis from one form to another is true
of many consumer items like televisions. What used to be a one-way medium
for entertainment and news is steadily moving towards being a two-way
communication device for selectively gathering information and for buying
goods and services. As the nature of products change and become more
diverse, the market for those products also diversifies and therefore grows.
Although the role of technology has always been to expand opportunities and
create new markets, today's breakneck pace of technological innovation
creates infinite options where lack of imagination is the only limitation.
However with the freedom and excitement of unlimited ideas comes the
responsibility of carefully selecting and prioritizing the ones that offer
the greatest payback in both the short- and long-term. Moving forward needs
to be a coordinated and disciplined exercise that involves both the business
side and technical side of an organization.
For more information on creating an e-business strategy for manufacturing
companies, contact an IBM Marketing Representative or call Lucinda Underwood
at 1-312-245-2224. For assistance with Java projects like the one done at
Ralston Purina, contact Tony Dvorak at tdvorak@us.ibm.com.
Looking Eastward: An Interview with IBM's Software GM for AP
As 1997 came to a close, OS/2 WARP FM interviewed Charlie Ill, General
Manager for IBM's Asia Pacific Software Group.
FM: What's the status of network computing (NC) in Asia?
CI: The best way to characterize Asia's network computing status is through
the growth rates we're experiencing in terms of Internet connections and
Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The rate -- that is the percent of new
users accessing the Internet -- worldwide is 47%, in the US it's growing
34%, 56 % in Europe, and 79% in Asia Pacific with Japan leading the pack
with 82%. This data comes from a recent IDC report.
Japan's rate is significant because the country is as advanced
technologically as the US. The fact that it's growing at a rate more than
double the US indicates an extremely vibrant market in the area of network
computing. And the rest of Asia Pacific with 79% is not far behind. The
massive number of attachments signifies the level of change going on in the
Asian market. One major factor in the growth is that governments have
realized network computing is strategic for their future success. Countries
like Malaysia, China, Singapore and the Philippines have strategic
initiatives underway to advance their countries into the NC environment. In
turn, this drives a whole series of businesses within those countries to
participate in the NC movement. As a result we're seeing incredible growth
rates across the board in Asia Pacific.
Malaysia has initiated a project called the Multimedia Super Corridor.
Specifically it's an area that has been selected by the prime minister, Dr.
Mahatir Mohamad, to be run as an electronic city. It is developing next to
the capital, Kuala Lumpur. Dr. Mohamad plans to run an entirely electronic
environment -- an electronic government, school system, etc. All connected
via network computing. It is a massive undertaking completely driven by
Malaysia's prime minister.
Taiwan has a similar project underway. The government plans to issue
electronic cards, Smartcards, to everyone. These cards will serve as
drivers licenses and passports. Everyone's personal information will exist
on this card including banking information. Everything will be transacted
from this single card.
China has several golden projects going on, connecting the country's massive
infrastructure together. It's a continuation down the path of developing a
sophisticated automated environment within the country. Ultimately we see
China connecting via the Internet to markets beyond its boundaries. Already
there is phenomenal growth in Internet connections at the universities.
FM: This brings to mind human rights issues -- automation can give
governments and others new ways to invade people's privacy. The United
States and other western countries are struggling with this. How is that
being addressed in Asia Pacific?
CI: The governments are being very careful that they do not tread on human
rights in the process of moving forward. Invasion of privacy is one of the
key considerations. That and security are probably the two greatest
concerns in the market place.
FM: What do you see as the 'hot bed" of network computing within Asia
Pacific? Would you say it's Japan?
CI: In reality, I think all of Asia Pacific is a hot bed. The entire region
is growing at 79%. Three major factors are driving that growth. The number
one motivation is a desire for access to worldwide information. The second
key factor is the opportunity for Asian companies to connect to business
customers outside their regions. And the third factor is the ability to
connect with suppliers different from those that are available locally.
Clearly most of the Asian market place has relatively low labor rates and
can produce things more efficiently and at a significantly lower cost than
in high labor rate countries, like the US. As a result the Asian countries
have a competitive advantage, if they can reach consumers worldwide. That's
what the Internet provides. It's a huge change vehicle for the entire Asian
market place.
FM: There's a wide spectrum of customer sophistication in the Asia Pacific
geography. What is the approach to NC for the different types of customers?
CI: Customers are approaching network computing from several directions.
First, they are looking at it from within the enterprise -- that is, an
intranet approach to network computing -- connecting individuals, teams and
departments within organizations. This includes e-mail.
As a matter of fact for the bulk of our customers, step one is ensuring they
have good e-mail systems implemented. A November, 1997 Gartner Group
report, called Gartner Enterprise User Survey, indicates that implementing
e-mail is still one of the top requirements of companies in Japan, one of
the world's most technologically sophisticated environments. Even in a
sophisticated market we need to keep in mind that for many, e-mail is the
first foray into network computing.
The early innovators are the ones implementing e-commerce, which is the
other end of the spectrum. Those companies are in the process of running
their business or a portion of it over the Internet. The percentage of
organizations in this group increases daily. Industry analysts expect the
number of e-commerce participants to grow over 100% per annum.
The middle ground consists of customers in the process of migrating from the
e-mail/intranet phase to an extranet and ultimately to the Internet. An
extranet is a networked system that connects one enterprise to another with
knowledge management.
As all this occurs companies have to transform how they operate. For
example, Japan Airlines, as do many of the airlines, now has an automated
reservation system that customers can access directly from the Internet to
make reservations, get seat assignments or request special meals. This
clearly is changing the way they do business as more and more customers
reach them through the Internet versus travel agents or over the phone. Now
Japan Airlines still provides the same service -- getting passengers from
point a to point b -- but how they market that service is changing
dramatically because of network computing.
There is a bank in New Zealand with no walls. It is entirely electronic
with no physical structure at all. This is a case where the Internet has
completely changed the way this organization does business. And this is
only going to accelerate. The advent of network computing and the Internet
is changing the way people work and ultimately will affect the way people
conduct every facet of their lives.
FM: Considering the current economic pressures in Asia, why should customers
there continue to pursue network computing solutions?
CI: Network computing is the way for Asia to recover fastest from its
current economic challenges. And despite these economic pressures, Asia is
still growing. It truly is the most vibrant market in the world. Use of
the Internet will only accelerate recovery from the current conditions.
Access to markets outside of Asia, where Asian companies can compete in the
worldwide market will bring an influx of money to the region. I don't think
the economic conditions will do anything but hasten the growth of network
computing in Asia, primarily because of the business opportunities it
provides.
TIBCO's MarketSheet for Java - OS/2 WARP FM January Application of the Month
The OS/2 WARP FM product of the Month for January, MarketSheet for Java**
(MSJ), allows traders, portfolio managers, investment advisers and brokers
to gather, view and analyze both stored and live market data from around the
world at any time, from anywhere using any PC equipped with a Java-enabled
browser. MSJ is the Java version of MarketSheet, one of the world's top
trading information software packages.
This cost-effective, lightweight alternative to the Windows- or UNIX-based
trader workstation is a collection of Java applets for distributing and
displaying market prices, news analysis and historical information gathered
from a wide range of sources such as Reuters, Knight Ridder and the Tokyo
stock exchange. Since MSJ was designed to leverage Java strengths, it
requires very little, if any, installation and maintenance support.
The MSJ suite of applets are building blocks that can be combined in HTML
pages customized to individual requirements. The Java applets are linked
together to enable users to switch views from quotes to graphs or to related
news with a click of the mouse. Real-time updates can be viewed in the
following formats: Quote Grid - displays a table of instruments and field
values
Full Quote - shows a complete set of data fields for a given instrument
Page - displays page based data
Graph - shows real-time price movements in graphical form
News - shows scrolling, live news headlines; click on a headline to see the
full story.
The TIB** in TIBCO stands for The Information Bus and as with all TIBCO
products, it is the foundation of MarketSheet and MarketSheet for Java.
This event-driven software bus collects data from many sources and converts
the varying formats into a common form understood by all the applications it
serves. It is the pipeline that enables the exchange of data between
applications.
The essence of the TIB is in its publish-subscribe communications paradigm
where completely separate applications can exchange data in an event-driven
manner without knowing physical network locations. This allows publishers
to anonymously broadcast messages that network subscribers can receive
automatically. This architecture is highly efficient since it eliminates
the network traffic and delay time inherently generated by requests for
information. Message traffic is directed based on another TIB concept called
subject-based addressing. This set of rules defines a uniform name space
where messages are assigned to destinations based on subjects. MSJ extends
the TIB concepts including publish-subscribe and subject-based addressing to
the Java Virtual Machine infrastructure to accomplish inter applet
communication.
MSJ offers two varieties of data distribution: server-based or agent-based.
The lower cost alternative, server-based MSJ data distribution, provides a
zero footprint installation in which a browser downloads the MSJ HTML
templates and Java applets from the web server and uses a TCP/IP connection
to access data. The TIB data server runs alongside a standard web server
providing TIB data to multiple MSJ clients.
The agent-based MSJ data distribution eliminates the need for point-to-point
connections since a TIB agent runs in the client machine and receives
broadcasts directly from the network. Agent-based distribution reduces
server bottlenecks and masks any delays caused by a switch-over of a
fault-tolerant back-end component.
The original version of MarketSheet, delivered ten years ago, supported only
UNIX systems and included relatively simplistic objects for viewing data.
As the years passed MarketSheet added more sophisticated objects. Five
years ago MarketSheet ran on Windows platforms as well.
At the end of 1995, TIBCO developers started investigating Java. Customers
became very enthusiastic when they saw a prototype demonstration of a Java
version of MarketSheet at a strategic client conference in May of 1996.
Less than six months later TIBCO delivered the next step in the evolution of
MarketSheet with MSJ. Since then customers have steadily accepted this new
product especially in Japan. It has also broadened TIBCO's market by
offering a comparably priced alternative to low-end terminals.
On the Air with Donn Atkins
In his new role as IBM General Manager for OS/2 and WorkSpace On-Demand
products, Donn Atkins will address the OS/2 WARP FM audience with a new
column that replaces Mike Lawrie at the Mike.
The old saying "The more things change, the more things stay the same"
pretty much sums up how I see 1998 taking shape. Sure a few things have
changed for the OS/2 team. We reorganized into a new division, working
closely with the networking software and Java development groups. I now
have a greater realm of responsibility within the OS/2 organization, which
allows me to draw from the experience I had as the marketing vice president
to influence the development side of the business. But all this is just
surface stuff.
The things that really count -- our values -- are not going to change. Our
team is as committed as ever to the OS/2 line of products and IBM's network
computing strategy. We are proud that in the summer of 1996 we recognized
the direction the industry was taking. It allowed us to become one of the
industry leaders in helping customers leverage prior investments and begin
to reap the benefits of network computing as they prepare their businesses
for the next millennium. We're looking forward to maintaining this
leadership by delivering creative and innovative solutions that do what our
customers need them to do.
And on a personal note... I'm definitely not going to change (although I'd
like a little more time on the golf course). I still want the same close
contact with our sales teams, customers and business partners that I've
enjoyed so much for the past two years. As I look back, the times that were
most valuable from a business perspective and most gratifying from a
personal one were those spent talking with people, sharing ideas, and most
importantly, listening.
I invite you all to continue to be candid with me-- tell me what we're doing
right, what we're doing wrong and what we can do better. I anticipate many
good times ahead - sharing success and all the rewards that come from
taking the right steps forward.
Sincerely,
Donn
OS/2 in the Most Unexpected Places
Since the early 1990's Environmental Systems Products, Inc. (ESP), a wholly
owned subsidiary of Wellman North America, Inc., has used OS/2 to power
its emissions analyzer, System One. OS/2's multitasking, multithreading and
graphic capabilities form the foundation for the advanced software that
makes this state-of-the-art testing device the top in its field for
performance, accuracy and ease of use.
Over the years (from 1972) emissions devices for gasoline automobiles have
evolved from just testing the basic pollutants -- hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide -- to complete systems that test all automobile components that
control emissions such as the fuel gas cap, evaporative canister, and the
catalytic converter. As these devices have grown in complexity the
California Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR) has standardized the core set
of features, the latest version of which is known as BAR-97. ESP's System
One satisfies the requirements of BAR-97.
One of the required BAR-97 tests is for nitrous oxides, which can only be
measured when a vehicle is "under load" -- that is driving up hills. System
One's Analyzer relies on a device called a dynamometer to simulate this
condition. In addition to its emissions testing objectives, System One
capabilities include database management and communications. Furthermore,
ESP can customize the device for testing centers to satisfy any additional
requirements that local licensing bodies may impose.
System One's large colorful graphics, which are built using OS/2 custom
controls, is only one of a number of features that differentiates ESP's
emission analyzer from the competition. Other unique features include a
patented non-contact engine speed (RPM) probe, an automatic and integrated
gas cap tester and a low profile bi-directional dynamometer.
Because of the system's outstanding performance and multitasking
characteristics, testing centers can break down the process into several
discrete steps that can be done in parallel. For example, data entry can
begin for one vehicle while the previous one is still being tested. This
enables ESP customers to create a high-volume, and consequently a
high-profit, test center.
Garages throughout the United States are currently using or will be using
System One in states such as Pennsylvania, New York, Georgia, Utah and
California. The typical center performs tests using an analyzer sanctioned
by the locality where they conduct business.
For more information on System One and Environmental Systems Products, see
http://www.environmental-systems.com.
Are We There Yet?
In mid-December, Sun responded to Java critics by delivering the beta of
Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.2. The release is designed to simplify the
development and delivery of scaleable, commercial, mission critical Java
applications that are both platform independent and secure. As inevitably
as children on a long car ride asking "Are we there yet?", application
developers for OS/2 want to know, "When will it be available for our
platform?".
Their impatience is understandable given the promise of this latest version.
This release marks the first formal inclusion of the Java Foundation Classes
(JFC), which include accessibility features for users with disabilities,
drag-and-drop, Java 2D and the Java pluggable look-and-feel. Now developers
have the choice of using a common look and feel for all platforms, native
interfaces or their own GUIs. This version also adds new application
services, a standard architecture for extensions, collections, input
methods, version identification, weak references, Java interface definition
language (IDL), servlets, and javadoc templates. Just as children must find
the patience to endure the ride, developers for OS/2 and other IBM platforms
must bide their time while IBM completes its porting process. But the wait
is often easier when everyone understands what's involved. The following is
a brief description of the process for porting JDKs to IBM platforms.
IBM receives two versions of the JDK from JavaSoft -- one written for
Windows 95/NT and one for Sun Solaris. The porting efforts are concentrated
in IBM's Java Technology Center located in Hursley, England. The
development laboratories for the various operating system platforms also
participate.
JavaSoft writes the JDK in C, C++ and Java. The Java portion, obviously the
easiest to deal with, is simply recompiled for each platform. The other,
which is platform-dependent, requires manual porting. In the past the
majority of the conversion work centered on the Advanced Windowing Toolkit
(AWT), which is similar in function to OS/2's presentation manager. For the
update releases (i.e. 1.1.4 or the recently released 1.1.6) skilled
programmers need to cull through hundreds of files looking for change from
the previous version. Any change then needs to be modified for the
platform.
The AWT shouldn't be changing anymore since further updates in the area of
graphics will occur in the platform-independent, JFC. While this will
reduce the amount of manual porting, the new release still contains a number
of new features that remain platform-specific such as Java 2D. In addition,
IBM has made a series of performance improvements that need to be integrated
into any new code from JavaSoft.
The fact that the most of the graphics/user interface code is no longer
platform-specific has aroused some concern about performance in this area.
However, Kelvin Lawrence, technical lead for the OS/2 Java team, was
unexpectedly pleased with what he observed. In general, the performance
should be excellent considering it's one of the main focuses of JDK 1.2.
The new version decreases the pauses for garbage collection, improves memory
allocation speed, adds memory compression for loading classes and more.
For more information on JDK 1.2 features and enhancements, see
http://www.javasoft.com/features/1997/dec/jdk1.2beta2.html.
Information Briefs
HongkongBank Financial Explorer
In 1997, a team of IT system developers from Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation Limited (HongkongBank), actively supported by IBM, created a
Java-based self-service kiosk system known as HongkongBank Financial
Explorer (HFE). HFE is designed to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date and
user-friendly communications channel. Using a kiosk, bank customers can
access a complete range of financial information such as bank interest
rates, foreign exchange rates, property transactions, stock indices and
prices by touching the appropriate screen icons.
This impressive graphical Java 1.02-based application runs on OS/2* Warp 4
and connects to a back end DB2/2 server. HongkongBank has been rolling out
the application throughout its branch network since late November.
Even More Reason to Feel Secure with OS/2 The BSI (Germany's Federal
Department of Information Security) has certified IBM's SafeGuard Easy, the
powerful security subsystem for OS/2 that protects against unauthorized disk
access through authentication, at the F-C2/E2 level, following the
Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC). Based on mutual
recognition agreements and common criteria this certification is recognized
by Germany, France, Canada and the United States. The F-C2/E2 level is
basically equivalent to the C2 security class defined by the United States'
Trusted Computer Security Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC).
This completely integrated OS/2 security system, co-developed by Germany's
Utimaco Software AG and IBM, offers a wide variety of security features
including boot protection, encryption, and virus protection. The certified
subsystem, the first for OS/2, ensures a high security standard for
protection of data stored on personal computers and workstations.
For more information on SafeGuard Easy and the complete family of OS/2
SafeGuard products see the web site located at:
http://www.software.ibm.de/infocenter/ic_fact.nsf/internetSecurity?openview
WorkSpace On-Demand for the Year 2000
According to a survey of European companies by British consulting firm
Neaman Bond Associates, many respondents are concentrating more resources on
solving the Euro problem than the Year 2000 one.
For a variety of reasons, European organizations are working twice as hard
to solve the Year 2000 problem and yet are further behind. Major research
companies such as Giga Group and Gartner Group indicate that European
companies were late to recognize the problem and initiate projects to
resolve it. The survey also reported that the situation is further
aggravated because many of these countries use dated systems, and therefore
have more code to fix than their North American counterparts.
One excellent way to address the problem is with IBM WorkSpace On-Demand.
Alternative solutions, such as Microsoft's Windows NT 5 most likely will not
be out in time for a company to complete an enterprise-wide deployment.
WorkSpace On-Demand is Year 2000 ready. Therefore once this network
computing solution is in place, companies can use it to quickly and easily
deploy updates to the applications that need to be fixed to keep systems
running at the turn of the millennium.
Instead of having to install new code on thousands of clients systems
located far and wide, an organization that has implemented WorkSpace
On-Demand can minimize the resource and time required for a complete roll
out by only having to update servers. And as Year 2000-related bugs
continue to appear in the early days of the 21st century, those fixes can
also be deployed faster and easier.
Back Issues of OS/2 WARP FM are available on-line at
http://www.software.ibm.com/os/warp/warpfm.
For more information on the OS/2 Family of products see
http://www.software.ibm.com/os/warp.
Check out other Network Computing Software Division Publications --
Subscribe to Java Update at
http://www.software.ibm.com/mailing-lists/java-update.
Visit the on-line edition of the eNetwork Connection newsletter at:
http//www.networking.ibm.com/cover/cover.htm.
* Indicates trademark or registered trademark of International Business
Machines Corporation.
** Indicates trademark or registered trademark of respective companies.
Copyright IBM Corporation 1997 All Rights Reserved
_________________________________________________________________________
OS/2 Warp 10th Anniversary 1987 - 1997
Personal computing to network computing... and beyond
_____________________________________________________________________
| NOTE: Please send submissions by EMAIL os2_ann_req@bix.com
| Correspondence to the COOA Moderator: lfirrantello@bix.com .
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