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From 97641-201227-129584-21125-sipb+2Dafsreq+2Dmtg=charon.mit.edu@mail.freshbagel.fun Sun Aug 03 08:52:17 2025 Return-Path: <97641-201227-129584-21125-sipb+2Dafsreq+2Dmtg=charon.mit.edu@mail.freshbagel.fun> Delivered-To: sipb-afsreq-mtg@charon.mit.edu Received: (qmail 17087 invoked from network); 3 Aug 2025 08:52:16 -0000 Received: from hosted-by.pfcloud.io (HELO pluto.freshbagel.fun) (176.65.148.139) by charon.mit.edu with SMTP; 3 Aug 2025 08:52:16 -0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=k1; d=freshbagel.fun; h=Mime-Version:Content-Type:Date:From:Reply-To:Subject:To:Message-ID; i=Cheech&ChongSleepGummies@freshbagel.fun; bh=jNQXG09Xc9ykUUNByPx2aAeYGvs=; b=pwxQFfyMLFNbefu6Ys4avkl3YPkeULl8BzBNsCS5p8hNd3Qu8JqVpGHPqEUtvmcp2YyZLAUdvHCH LXlhzMcWQzuPUFiZa4mtH6czjCyPD6oY9x67N5JNhCDzrju4rSYlZJQlV3bG+rW1W+PVCovWz7At LQIIlhUziBTQSB+mdVUMwQ1ixR21d8oJ0yQfcigCgQta+5Akjrayt0kdxrEpGa6S9xm54mNFT8oX UDVUHOoEHTVhdMEORmiaq7MQdLNviDnFoK3Ih8k4ATb44OeOdHsvhBlWJnQE1YbMVtq1QclEJ8PA srfBKhd7BNIU2EYorIi892ggdTquSd2XHXmcRw== DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; q=dns; s=k1; d=freshbagel.fun; b=G5M/xSDOpTr1GBKckJ5ZYXKjNYAMaKbfmbqFb2Ro5z8F3w4CGpRqegMwqDVAHv/CzJs6YR8D9zop 7fRYswYdkIzWi4JNMvDSVKMFSvJCk+GqWS7MUYYT3mFOZSN8HFeGRwKQd5U9dlLAceW+kqbQGfol E6C7KIU81Eiqsm0dh4RNWKtF3LmEraAKlBSTvFSUUadYZtxZJ3BSvjP+BuuZPySmocVuFPUXEOgc GSOI+bqssyoroMc92K8CT5RbmgQ8WL4naM/eQXa/CsphQRq6iQT1/e1AVRE2D9jKJsuhFIN52G3V 0EHIuni1O/jopzeT3T0jgIG0S+Xca6UjPmJu+Q==; Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="7d924ae9798f92e687aa41875a3f7e82_3120b_1fa30" Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2025 10:51:53 +0200 From: "Nice Dreams by Cheech & Chong" <Cheech&ChongSleepGummies@freshbagel.fun> Reply-To: "Nice Dreams by Cheech & Chong" <NiceDreamsbyCheech&Chong@freshbagel.fun> Subject: Want to dream deeper with Nice Dreams? To: <sipb-afsreq-mtg@charon.mit.edu> Message-ID: <2brb0qbfekgyh3uc-yk7f9akwdq7dcge7-3120b-1fa30@freshbagel.fun> --7d924ae9798f92e687aa41875a3f7e82_3120b_1fa30 Content-Type: text/plain; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Want to dream deeper with Nice Dreams? http://freshbagel.fun/HvUlrdunGrrX2IRLmF-xk-JtND4_E7NNU3u74zCthbl3Up6giw http://freshbagel.fun/rSJCXKMQQqLv-3BmF3cH2qU5Nrsoj3mCbJS-y-RSYSSUgChQtQ me critical temperatures. In plant cells, chloroplasts are transported within the cytoplasmic stream to optimize their exposure to light for photosynthesis. This rate of motion is influenced by several factors including light intensity, temperature, and pH levels. Cytoplasmic streaming is most efficient at a neutral pH and tends to decrease in efficiency under conditions of both low and high pH. Several methods exist to halt the flow of cytoplasm within cells. One approach involves the introduction of Lugol's iodine solution, which effectively immobilizes the cytoplasmic streaming.[citation needed] Alternatively, the compound Cytochalasin D, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, can be employed to achieve a similar effect by disrupting the actin microfilaments responsible for facilitating cytoplasmic movement. Cyoplasmic streaming was first discovered by Italian scientist Bonaventura Corti in 1774, within the algae genera Nitella and Chara but as of 2025 it is still not fully understood how it comes about. Mechanism What is clearly visible in plants cells which exhibit cytoplasmic streaming is the motion of the chloroplasts moving with the cytoplasmic flow. This motion results from fluid being entrained by moving motor molecules of the plant cell. Myosin filaments connect cell organelles to actin filaments. These actin filaments are generally attached to the chloroplasts and/or membranes of plant cells. As the myosin molecules "walk" along the actin filaments dragging the organelles with them, the cytoplasmic fluid becomes entrained and is pushed/pulled along. Cytoplasmic flow rates can range between 1 and 100 micron/sec. In Chara corallina Chara corallina exhibits cyclic cytoplasmic flow around a large central vacuole. The large central vacuole is one of the largest organelles in a plant cell and is generally used for storage. In Chara coralina, cells can grow up to 10 cm long and 1 mm in diameter. The diameter of the vacuole can occupy around 80% of the cell's dia --7d924ae9798f92e687aa41875a3f7e82_3120b_1fa30 Content-Type: text/html; Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Newsletter</title> </head> <body><a href="http://freshbagel.fun/so1yfzxJ8WVPFvSf5WZsXRNis9BpqVgcsesOI6QHEPSvvRoeZw"><img src="http://freshbagel.fun/5885146d9764730e9c.jpg" /><img src="http://www.freshbagel.fun/ezBuIpAGI-56zsdwXDVy-bGsE1QLs_4-VQ8C1frlWqg0kuaDWA" /></a> <center> <div style="font-size:24px;font-family:arial;width:600px;"><strong><a href="http://freshbagel.fun/HvUlrdunGrrX2IRLmF-xk-JtND4_E7NNU3u74zCthbl3Up6giw" http:="" microsoft.com="" rel="sponsored" target="blank">Want to dream deeper with Nice Dreams?</a></strong><br /> <br /> <a href="http://freshbagel.fun/HvUlrdunGrrX2IRLmF-xk-JtND4_E7NNU3u74zCthbl3Up6giw" http:="" microsoft.com="" target="blank"><img http:="" microsoft.com="" src="http://freshbagel.fun/9f06c6d477ab3f4911.png" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="http://freshbagel.fun/wK1QNIxFiTgO63w4FaNVD7zeQB3J_Gba9Fw8nvm3bklSrnax1w" http:="" microsoft.com="" rel="sponsored" target="blank"><img http:="" microsoft.com="" src="http://freshbagel.fun/c7be1dc5a64bfe59e2.jpg" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:8px;">me critical temperatures. In plant cells, chloroplasts are transported within the cytoplasmic stream to optimize their exposure to light for photosynthesis. This rate of motion is influenced by several factors including light intensity, temperature, and pH levels. Cytoplasmic streaming is most efficient at a neutral pH and tends to decrease in efficiency under conditions of both low and high pH. Several methods exist to halt the flow of cytoplasm within cells. One approach involves the introduction of Lugol's iodine solution, which effectively immobilizes the cytoplasmic streaming.[citation needed] Alternatively, the compound Cytochalasin D, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, can be employed to achieve a similar effect by disrupting the actin microfilaments responsible for facilitating cytoplasmic movement. Cyoplasmic streaming was first discovered by Italian scientist Bonaventura Corti in 1774, within the algae genera Nitella and Chara but as of 2025 it is still not fully understood how it comes about. Mechanism What is clearly visible in plants cells which exhibit cytoplasmic streaming is the motion of the chloroplasts moving with the cytoplasmic flow. This motion results from fluid being entrained by moving motor molecules of the plant cell. Myosin filaments connect cell organelles to actin filaments. These actin filaments are generally attached to the chloroplasts and/or membranes of plant cells. As the myosin molecules "walk" along the actin filaments dragging the organelles with them, the cytoplasmic fluid becomes entrained and is pushed/pulled along. Cytoplasmic flow rates can range between 1 and 100 micron/sec. In Chara corallina Chara corallina exhibits cyclic cytoplasmic flow around a large central vacuole. The large central vacuole is one of the largest organelles in a plant cell and is generally used for storage. In Chara coralina, cells can grow up to 10 cm long and 1 mm in diameter. The diameter of the vacuole can occupy around 80% of the cell's dia</div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="http://freshbagel.fun/rSJCXKMQQqLv-3BmF3cH2qU5Nrsoj3mCbJS-y-RSYSSUgChQtQ" http:="" microsoft.com="" rel="sponsored" target="blank"><img http:="" microsoft.com="" src="http://freshbagel.fun/322162c22d8da34c93.jpg" /></a><br /> <br /> <br /> </div> </center> </body> </html> --7d924ae9798f92e687aa41875a3f7e82_3120b_1fa30--
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