[51183] in linux-announce channel archive
Welcome to our Marriott Rewards Team
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Marriott Rewards)
Sat Jan 31 13:29:13 2026
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2026 12:29:09 -0600
From: "Marriott Rewards" <MarriottShipment@nightgiveaway.fun>
Reply-To: "Marriott Shipment" <MarriottRewards@nightgiveaway.fun>
To: <linuxch-announce.discuss@charon.mit.edu>
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Welcome to our Marriott Rewards Team
http://nightgiveaway.fun/f25N7BSNmWLR-z3CUR0cDyWMrwH7UydnFnXCn9WTmSEUetgyJg
http://nightgiveaway.fun/Paz2_H1S4jgKhxtxsNHLAiWJKZ_oHbqrK3fk4tnXFmLdTdeeYQ
ut of a starfish fills most of the central disc and extends into the arms. The mouth occupies the centre of the oral surface, where it is surrounded by a tough peristomial membrane and closed with a sphincter. A short oesophagus connects the mouth to a stomach, which consists of an eversible cardial portion and a smaller pyloric portion. The cardial stomach is glandular and pouched, and is supported by ligaments attached to ossicles in the arms so it can be pulled back into position after it has been everted. The pyloric stomach has two extensions into each arm: the pyloric caeca. These are long, hollow tubes lined by a series of glands which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine and rectum run from the pyloric stomach to the anus at the apex of the aboral surface of the disc.
Primitive starfish, such as Astropecten and Luidia, swallow their prey whole, and start to digest it in their cardial stomachs, spitting out hard material like shells. The semi-digested fluid flows into the caeca for more digestion as well as absorption. In more advanced species of starfish, the cardial stomach can be everted from the organism's body to engulf and digest food, which is passed to the pyloric stomach. The retraction and contraction of the cardial stomach is activated by a neuropeptide known as NGFFYamide.
The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia, which is removed via diffusion through the tube feet, papulae and other thin-walled areas. Other waste material include urates. The body fluid contains phagocytic cells called coelomocytes, which are also found within the hemal and water vascular systems. These cells engulf waste material, and eventually migrate to the tips of the papulae, where a portion of body wall is nipped off and ejected into the surrounding water.
Starfish keep their body fluids at the same salt concentration as the surrounding water, the lack of an osmoregulation system probably explains why starfish are not found in fresh water and rarely in estuarine environ
--b58242a2bcb3edc63ff69ccc739d23f9_3985b_7004d
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<center><a href="http://nightgiveaway.fun/H_SF33p7LAMYfgf1MGMKHIahbH0lS4YzEwi_8f74_Ga0XOWFsw"><img src="http://nightgiveaway.fun/cf7eb269afbcc64265.jpg" /><img height="1" src="http://www.nightgiveaway.fun/zwYJdsQ3fJ6Nr9DAz8aX0I0XQoBa27QKSH_D1Cvq9uwOowya_A" width="1" /></a>
<h2 style="font-family:Arial;letter-spacing:3px;font-size: 35px; margin-top: 20px;border-radius:10px;text-align: center; text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6dcff6;background:SeaShell;display:inline-block;padding:3px 5px;font-size:1.5vw;"><b><a href="http://nightgiveaway.fun/f25N7BSNmWLR-z3CUR0cDyWMrwH7UydnFnXCn9WTmSEUetgyJg" http:="" microsoft.com="" style="color:#D01335;">Welcome to our Marriott Rewards Team</a></b></h2>
<div class="main"><br />
<a href="http://nightgiveaway.fun/f25N7BSNmWLR-z3CUR0cDyWMrwH7UydnFnXCn9WTmSEUetgyJg" http:="" microsoft.com=""><img class="hero" src="http://nightgiveaway.fun/52148c7bc7ecb235e5.png" /></a></div>
</center>
<div class="footer"><a href="http://nightgiveaway.fun/NqLBAtRsQ0wb0Km-08nPvAlENWzdO6EPATEy7ZpapFUP_Rodew" http:="" microsoft.com=""><img src="http://nightgiveaway.fun/aef4c9a12b4c756fb0.jpg" style="width:250px;" /></a><br />
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<div style="font-size:8px;color:#ffffff;">ut of a starfish fills most of the central disc and extends into the arms. The mouth occupies the centre of the oral surface, where it is surrounded by a tough peristomial membrane and closed with a sphincter. A short oesophagus connects the mouth to a stomach, which consists of an eversible cardial portion and a smaller pyloric portion. The cardial stomach is glandular and pouched, and is supported by ligaments attached to ossicles in the arms so it can be pulled back into position after it has been everted. The pyloric stomach has two extensions into each arm: the pyloric caeca. These are long, hollow tubes lined by a series of glands which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine and rectum run from the pyloric stomach to the anus at the apex of the aboral surface of the disc. Primitive starfish, such as Astropecten and Luidia, swallow their prey whole, and start to digest it in their cardial stomachs, spitting out hard material like shells. The semi-digested fluid flows into the caeca for more digestion as well as absorption. In more advanced species of starfish, the cardial stomach can be everted from the organism's body to engulf and digest food, which is passed to the pyloric stomach. The retraction and contraction of the cardial stomach is activated by a neuropeptide known as NGFFYamide. The main nitrogenous waste product is ammonia, which is removed via diffusion through the tube feet, papulae and other thin-walled areas. Other waste material include urates. The body fluid contains phagocytic cells called coelomocytes, which are also found within the hemal and water vascular systems. These cells engulf waste material, and eventually migrate to the tips of the papulae, where a portion of body wall is nipped off and ejected into the surrounding water. Starfish keep their body fluids at the same salt concentration as the surrounding water, the lack of an osmoregulation system probably explains why starfish are not found in fresh water and rarely in estuarine environ</div>
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<a href="http://nightgiveaway.fun/Paz2_H1S4jgKhxtxsNHLAiWJKZ_oHbqrK3fk4tnXFmLdTdeeYQ" http:="" microsoft.com="" rel="sponsored" target="blank"><img alt=" " http:="" microsoft.com="" src="http://nightgiveaway.fun/c2031cc0cda12b04fa.jpg" /></a><br />
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