[44834] in linux-announce channel archive
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daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (United Airlines Shopper Gift Card )
Tue Feb 13 05:58:09 2024
Date: Tue, 13 Feb 2024 11:56:48 +0100
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nearest negative limit.
Once it reaches the limit, it will be stable. However, if the input goes past the limit,[clarification needed] then the feedback will change sign[dubious – discuss] and the output will move in the opposite direction until it hits the opposite limit. The system therefore shows bistable behaviour.
Terminology
The terms positive and negative were first applied to feedback before World War II. The idea of positive feedback was already current in the 1920s with the introduction of the regenerative circuit.
Friis & Jensen (1924) described regeneration in a set of electronic amplifiers as a case where the "feed-back" action is positive in contrast to negative feed-back action, which they mention only in passing. Harold Stephen Black's classic 1934 paper first details the use of negative feedback in electronic amplifiers. According to Black:
"Positive feed-back increases the gain of the amplifier, negative feed-back reduces it."
According to Mindell (2002) confusion in the terms arose shortly after this:
"...Friis and Jensen had made the same distinction Black used between 'positive feed-back' and 'negative feed-back', based not on the sign of the feedback itself but rather on its effect on the amplifier's gain. In contrast, Nyquist and Bode, when they built on Black's work, referred to negative feedback as that with the sign reversed. Black had trouble convincing others of the utility of his invention in part because confusion existed over basic matters of definition.":?121?
These confusions, along with the everyday associations of positive with 'good' and negative with 'bad', have led many systems theorists to propose alternative terms. For example, Donella Meadows prefers the terms 'Reinforcing' and 'Balancing' feed
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<p style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:8px;">nearest negative limit. Once it reaches the limit, it will be stable. However, if the input goes past the limit,[clarification needed] then the feedback will change sign[dubious – discuss] and the output will move in the opposite direction until it hits the opposite limit. The system therefore shows bistable behaviour. Terminology The terms positive and negative were first applied to feedback before World War II. The idea of positive feedback was already current in the 1920s with the introduction of the regenerative circuit. Friis & Jensen (1924) described regeneration in a set of electronic amplifiers as a case where the "feed-back" action is positive in contrast to negative feed-back action, which they mention only in passing. Harold Stephen Black's classic 1934 paper first details the use of negative feedback in electronic amplifiers. According to Black: "Positive feed-back increases the gain of the amplifier, negative feed-back reduces it." According to Mindell (2002) confusion in the terms arose shortly after this: "...Friis and Jensen had made the same distinction Black used between 'positive feed-back' and 'negative feed-back', based not on the sign of the feedback itself but rather on its effect on the amplifier's gain. In contrast, Nyquist and Bode, when they built on Black's work, referred to negative feedback as that with the sign reversed. Black had trouble convincing others of the utility of his invention in part because confusion existed over basic matters of definition.":?121? These confusions, along with the everyday associations of positive with 'good' and negative with 'bad', have led many systems theorists to propose alternative terms. For example, Donella Meadows prefers the terms 'Reinforcing' and 'Balancing' feed</p>
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