[44436] in linux-announce channel archive
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daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (ViewForeclosureHomes)
Wed Dec 13 03:32:00 2023
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 09:28:56 +0100
From: "ViewForeclosureHomes" <ViewForeclosureHomes@serviceplushomewarrant.shop>
Reply-To: "ViewForeclosureHomes" <HomeForeclosureListings@serviceplushomewarrant.shop>
To: <linuxch-announce.discuss@charon.mit.edu>
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Henry VII (r.?1485–1509) revitalised England’s economy following the War of the Roses. In 1489, he introduced the sovereign gold coin, which he valued at twenty shillings. Before the new denomination, the only gold coins being issued were angels and half angels.
Henry VII left a large treasury – the modern equivalent of about £375 million – to his successor Henry VIII (r.?1509–1547). The inherited wealth was dissipated due to Henry VIII's extravagant lifestyle and the war expenses needed to maintain a claim over France. These expenses led to repeated debasement of the currency over Henry's reign.
Gold coin showing a man seated on a chair
Gold coin showing a heraldic shield
Henry VIII half sovereign
The half sovereign was introduced as part of Henry's third issue of coins, in 1544, debasing the coinage still further. The coin depicts a crowned King Henry sitting in his chair of state, holding his orb and sceptre on the obverse, while the reverse features a royal shield containing the arms of France and England, supported by a lion and a dragon. Henry's titles as king surround the designs on both sides, and HR (Henricus Rex, or Henry the King) appears at the bottom of the reverse design.
The new coin continued to be struc the reign of Henry's son and successor, Edward VI (r.?1547–1553), initially with the designs of the previous reign, and later with a depiction of Edward seated in the chair of state.
The half sovereign was struck again under James I (r.?1603–1625 in England) beginning in 1603, and features a portrait of the king on the obverse, and a crowned shield on the reverse. The shield of arms featured on James I's coinage features the lions of England in the first quarter, that of Scotland in the second, the harp of Ireland in the third quarter and the fleurs-de-lis of France in the fourth. The legend on the coin proclaims James king of England, Scotland, Ireland and France, while the reverse legend reads "EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI" which translates as "Let God arise and let His enemies be scattered" from
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<div style="color:#FFFFFF;font-size:8px;">Henry VII (r. 1485–1509) revitalised England’s economy following the War of the Roses. In 1489, he introduced the sovereign gold coin, which he valued at twenty shillings. Before the new denomination, the only gold coins being issued were angels and half angels. Henry VII left a large treasury – the modern equivalent of about £375 million – to his successor Henry VIII (r. 1509–1547). The inherited wealth was dissipated due to Henry VIII's extravagant lifestyle and the war expenses needed to maintain a claim over France. These expenses led to repeated debasement of the currency over Henry's reign. Gold coin showing a man seated on a chair Gold coin showing a heraldic shield Henry VIII half sovereign The half sovereign was introduced as part of Henry's third issue of coins, in 1544, debasing the coinage still further. The coin depicts a crowned King Henry sitting in his chair of state, holding his orb and sceptre on the obverse, while the reverse features a royal shield containing the arms of France and England, supported by a lion and a dragon. Henry's titles as king surround the designs on both sides, and HR (Henricus Rex, or Henry the King) appears at the bottom of the reverse design. The new coin continued to be struc the reign of Henry's son and successor, Edward VI (r. 1547–1553), initially with the designs of the previous reign, and later with a depiction of Edward seated in the chair of state. The half sovereign was struck again under James I (r. 1603–1625 in England) beginning in 1603, and features a portrait of the king on the obverse, and a crowned shield on the reverse. The shield of arms featured on James I's coinage features the lions of England in the first quarter, that of Scotland in the second, the harp of Ireland in the third quarter and the fleurs-de-lis of France in the fourth. The legend on the coin proclaims James king of England, Scotland, Ireland and France, while the reverse legend reads "EXVRGAT DEVS DISSIPENTVR INIMICI" which translates as "Let God arise and let His enemies be scattered" from</div>
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