[6167] in Release_7.7_team
Re: Athena Video Monitor Power Save information for outreach articles.
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Laxmi Rao)
Wed Jan 14 06:36:21 2009
In-Reply-To: <p06230911c592ed7a7b3b@[18.152.1.56]>
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Cc: Laxmi Rao <lrao@mit.edu>, William Cattey <wdc@mit.edu>,
Jonathon Weiss <jweiss@mit.edu>, release-team@mit.edu
From: Laxmi Rao <lrao@MIT.EDU>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2009 06:35:36 -0500
To: Robyn Fizz <fizz@mit.edu>
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Robynn, Jonathan & Bill,
This is just what I needed this week being Energy Futures Week.
Thanks everyone. Nicely done.
Robynn, I wonder if you could place the content of the VOIP LCD
display energy savings piece from the last newsletter also on the
IS&*T home page?
There is one correction , the first mention of power used by the
display should be watt not watt hours.
I'll try to stop by this morning.
Ultimately I'd like to pull this all together onto the IT energy
web site.
I really appreciate all your efforts.
Stay Green!
laxmi
On Jan 13, 2009, at 8:19 PM, Robyn Fizz wrote:
> Hi Bill,
>
> Thanks for the clarifying edits. I've made a few more, strictly for
> flow, not meaning. In the interest of time, I've posted the article
> on the IS&T home page. If you or the release team have further
> tweaks, I can make them tomorrow morning.
>
> Best,
> Robyn
>
>
> At 1:47 PM -0500 1/13/09, William Cattey wrote:
>> Summary:
>>
>> 1. Please say, "enabled power save mode" rather than "disabled
>> screen saver".
>>
>> 2. "watts" without a per hour or any such thing is correct.
>>
>> 3. The change affects ALL Athena desktop systems not just the 375
>> or so in clusters.
>>
>> 4. Identifying broken Athena machines will be done by using
>> existing, and some new remote monitoring tools, so trips to the
>> clusters to check on systems will be largely eliminated.
>>
>> Suggested amendment to your draft (sorry for using plain text):
>>
>> ---- Begin Draft 3 ----
>>
>> Historically, the video displays of Athena workstations never shut
>> off. A screen saver with the Athena logo indicated an up-and-
>> running system, while a blank screen meant a broken system. An
>> operator could identify dead machines just by glancing into the
>> room. When power saving became standard practice, Athena disabled
>> the power-save feature, fearing that people would be too used to
>> the Athena convention of blank monitor = broken workstation.
>>
>> However, the power consumed by even a low-power LCD display is
>> significant - about 25 watts per monitor when idle but not in
>> power save mode. To save energy and reduce costs, IS&T recently
>> made the decision to re-enable the power-save feature. This change
>> will save in excess of 90 MegaWattHours of electricity costing
>> about $10,000 per year, (assuming 25 watts per system, 900
>> systems, 10 hours idle time per day, and electricity cost of $0.11
>> per KiloWattHour.)
>>
>> The change to enable monitor power save mode was deployed on
>> January 13, 2009. IS&T hopes that Athena users will realize that a
>> blank Athena screen no longer signifies a broken computer, but
>> instead means that Athena has "gotten with the program." Athena
>> monitors now behave like standard monitors and may need a move of
>> the mouse or the strike of a key to wake up.
>>
>> System operators, rather than visiting the systems, will use
>> remote monitoring to detect dead systems.
>>
>> ---- End Draft 3 ----
>>
>> Further clarification:
>>
>> Re: Screen saver:
>>
>> It is inaccurate to say that we have turned off the screen saver.
>> We haven't. In fact there are two different screen savers, one
>> that wakes up on a logged in system when the user is idle, and one
>> that wakes up when nobody is logged in. (Actually this is exactly
>> the same thing you see on other computers. After X minutes the
>> screen saver runs. After X + Y minutes, power save runs and turns
>> off the monitor.
>>
>> The most accurate description of the change is that the power
>> saving option for the X window system previously disabled on
>> Athena has now been enabled.
>>
>> Re: Power consumption:
>>
>> "25 watts" is the correct unit of energy consumption. That is 25
>> joules of energy every second. Just like a light bulb. A typical
>> Athena monitor burns 25 watts to show a static image. Consumption
>> can go up to 35 watts if the image is changing a lot. Typical
>> power save mode consumes under one watt.
>>
>> Re: Savings:
>>
>> 25 watts multiplied by 900 monitors multiplied by 10 hours of
>> power-save time per day multiplied by 365 days in a year is
>> 82,125,000 Watt Hours per year.
>>
>> MIT's electricity cost is estimated at 11 cents per kilo-
>> WattHours, so savings would be 82,125 kilo-WattHours multiplied
>> by $0.11 per kilo-WattHour or $9033.75 per year.
>>
>> On Jan 13, 2009, at 11:39 AM, Robyn Fizz wrote:
>>
>>> Hi Bill,
>>>
>>> I've attached a revised news article for your review.
>>>
>>> I think in your original you went with 900 systems, so please let
>>> me know the final number you'd like to go with. Also, please note
>>> the questions about hours and how operators now figure out when
>>> workstations are broken.
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>> Robyn
>>>
>>> At 6:08 PM -0500 1/12/09, William Cattey wrote:
>>>> The reason why I went with 800 systems was that I wasn't sure
>>>> how many of those 950 were desktops, and how many were servers
>>>> that wouldn't be affected by the change.
>>>>
>>>> -Bill
>>>>
>>>> On Jan 12, 2009, at 6:07 PM, Jonathon Weiss wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Hi Bill,
>>>>>
>>>>> I actually had a similar conversation with Laxmi this afternoon
>>>>> when I
>>>>> ran into her. I dredged up some of our old research and came
>>>>> up with:
>>>>>
>>>>> Assume 25W/monitor savings (conservative)
>>>>> Assume 1000 workstations (actually 956 according to Dec. stats)
>>>>> Assume 10 sleeping hours per day (conservative)
>>>>> Assume 365 days per year :-)
>>>>> Estimated power savings: 91.25MWh
>>>>> Using Laxmi's (conservative) blended average cost to MIT of
>>>>> $0.11/kWh
>>>>> Estimated cost savings: $10037.05/year
>>>>>
>>>>> Of course, we really only have 1-2 significant digits, but we can
>>>>> reasonably say $10K/year!
>>>>>
>>>>> Even if we go with 950 workstations (which I don't think is
>>>>> strictly
>>>>> required, since we wen't conservative on every other number
>>>>> there) it
>>>>> ends up at $9500/year, and cover 85MWh.
>>>>>
>>>>> Jonathon
>>>>>
>>>>>> Robyn,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for the chat today, and for offering to help to get the
>>>>>> word
>>>>>> out. Here is a first draft of everything that could be said.
>>>>>> Perhaps you can suggest some amendments to say it more
>>>>>> succinctly.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ---- Begin draft ----
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Tuesday January 13, 2009, Athena on Linux and Solaris enabled
>>>>>> power save mode on its video monitors.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Historically, Athena never shut off the video display. A
>>>>>> screen saver
>>>>>> with the Athena logo enabled an operator to identify dead
>>>>>> machines
>>>>>> just by glancing into the room. A blank screen meant a broken
>>>>>> system. When power saving became standard practice, Athena
>>>>>> disabled
>>>>>> the power save feature, fearing that people would be too used the
>>>>>> Athena convention, "blank monitor means dead Athena Workstation".
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The power consumed even by a low power LCD display is
>>>>>> significant:
>>>>>> We expect to save in excess of 75 MegaWattHours of electricity
>>>>>> per
>>>>>> year. (25 watts per monitor, 10 hours idle time, 900 systems,
>>>>>> 365
>>>>>> days.)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> We hope that Athena users will realize that a blank Athena
>>>>>> screen no
>>>>>> longer means a broken computer, but instead means Athena has
>>>>>> finally
>>>>>> "gotten with the program" -- that our monitors behave like
>>>>>> standard
>>>>>> monitors and may need a move of the mouse or the strike of a
>>>>>> key to
>>>>>> wake up.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ---- End Draft ----
>>>>>>
>>>>>> -Bill
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ----
>>>>>> Important: IS&T IT staff will *NEVER* ask you for your
>>>>>> password, nor
>>>>>> will MIT send you email requesting your password information.
>>>>>> Please
>>>>>> continue to ignore any email messages that claim to require
>>>>>> you to
>>>>>> provide such information.
>>>>>> ----
>>>>>>
>>>>>> William Cattey
>>>>>> Linux Platform Coordinator
>>>>>> MIT Information Services & Technology
>>>>>>
>>>>>> N42-040M, 617-253-0140, wdc@mit.edu
>>>>>> http://web.mit.edu/wdc/www/
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Robyn Fizz
>>> News Coordinator
>>> MIT Information Services and Technology (IS&T)
>>> N42-290B
>>> Phone: 617 253-0540
>>> Fax: 617 258-6875
>>>
>>> Important! Do not give out your passwords!
>>> IS&T will *never* ask for passwords or other personal information
>>> via email.<AthenaScreenSaver2009.doc>
>
>
> --
> Robyn Fizz
> News Coordinator
> MIT Information Services and Technology (IS&T)
> N42-290B
> Phone: 617 253-0540
> Fax: 617 258-6875
>
> Important! Do not give out your passwords!
> IS&T will *never* ask for passwords or other personal information
> via email.
>
Laxmi Rao
IT Energy Co-ordinator
Information Services and Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Room N42-040f
Cambridge, MA 02139
617-452-2333
lrao@mit.edu
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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; =
-khtml-line-break: after-white-space; ">Robynn, Jonathan & =
Bill,<DIV>This is just what I needed this week being Energy Futures =
Week. Thanks everyone. Nicely done.<DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"><DIV>Robynn, I wonder if you could =
place the content of the VOIP LCD display energy savings piece from the =
last newsletter also on the IS&*T home page?</DIV><DIV>There is one =
correction , the first mention of power used by the display should be =
watt not watt hours.</DIV><DIV>I'll try to stop by this =
morning.</DIV><DIV>=A0Ultimately I'd like to pull this all together onto =
the IT energy web site.</DIV><DIV>=A0I really appreciate all your =
efforts.</DIV><DIV>Stay Green!</DIV><DIV>laxmi</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"><DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On Jan 13, 2009, at =
8:19 PM, Robyn Fizz wrote:</DIV><BR =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Hi Bill,</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Thanks for the clarifying edits. =
I've made a few more, strictly for flow, not meaning. In the interest of =
time, I've posted the article on the IS&T home page. If you or the =
release team have further tweaks, I can make them tomorrow =
morning.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Best,</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Robyn</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">At 1:47 =
PM -0500 1/13/09, William Cattey wrote:</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE =
type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Summary:</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">1. =
Please say, "enabled power save mode" rather than "disabled screen =
saver".</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">2. "watts" without a per hour or any such thing is =
correct.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">3. The change affects ALL Athena desktop systems not =
just the 375 or so in clusters.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">4. Identifying broken Athena =
machines will be done by using existing, and some new remote monitoring =
tools, so trips to the clusters to check on systems will be largely =
eliminated.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Suggested amendment to your draft (sorry for using =
plain text):</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">---- Begin Draft 3 ----</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top:=
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Historically, =
the video displays of Athena workstations never shut off. A screen saver =
with the Athena logo indicated an up-and-running system, while a blank =
screen meant a broken system. An operator could identify dead machines =
just by glancing into the room. When power saving became standard =
practice, Athena disabled the power-save feature, fearing that people =
would be too used to the Athena convention of blank monitor =3D broken =
workstation.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">However, the power consumed by even a low-power LCD =
display is significant - about 25 watts per monitor when idle but not in =
power save mode. To save energy and reduce costs, IS&T recently made =
the decision to re-enable the power-save feature. This change will save =
in excess of 90 MegaWattHours of electricity costing about $10,000 per =
year, (assuming 25 watts per system, 900 systems, 10 hours idle time per =
day, and electricity cost of $0.11 per KiloWattHour.)</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The =
change to enable monitor power save mode was deployed on January 13, =
2009. IS&T hopes that Athena users will realize that a blank Athena =
screen no longer signifies a broken computer, but instead means that =
Athena has "gotten with the program." Athena monitors now behave like =
standard monitors and may need a move of the mouse or the strike of a =
key to wake up.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">System operators, rather than visiting the systems, =
will use remote monitoring to detect dead systems.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">---- End =
Draft 3 ----</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Further clarification:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Re: Screen =
saver:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">It is inaccurate to say that we have turned off the =
screen saver. We haven't.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>In fact there are two different screen savers, one that wakes up =
on a logged in system when the user is idle, and one that wakes up when =
nobody is logged in. (Actually this is exactly the same thing you see on =
other computers.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>After X =
minutes the screen saver runs.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>After X + Y minutes, power save runs and turns off the =
monitor.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">The most accurate description of the change is that =
the power saving option for the X window system previously disabled on =
Athena has now been enabled.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Re: Power consumption:</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">"25 =
watts" is the correct unit of energy consumption.<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>That is 25 joules of energy =
every second.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>Just like =
a light bulb.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>A typical =
Athena monitor burns 25 watts to show a static image.<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>Consumption can go up to 35 =
watts if the image is changing a lot. Typical power save mode consumes =
under one watt.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Re: Savings:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">25 watts multiplied by 900 =
monitors multiplied by 10 hours of power-save time per day multiplied by =
365 days in a year is 82,125,000 Watt Hours per year.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">MIT's =
electricity cost is estimated at 11 cents per kilo-WattHours, so savings =
would be 82,125 kilo-WattHours multiplied by<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>$0.11 per kilo-WattHour or =
$9033.75 per year.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; =
"><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">On Jan 13, 2009, at 11:39 AM, =
Robyn Fizz wrote:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV> =
<BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Hi Bill,</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I've =
attached a revised news article for your review.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I think =
in your original you went with 900 systems, so please let me know the =
final number you'd like to go with. Also, please note the questions =
about hours and how operators now figure out when workstations are =
broken.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Regards,</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Robyn</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">At 6:08 PM -0500 1/12/09, William Cattey =
wrote:</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The reason =
why I went with 800 systems was that I wasn't sure how many of those 950 =
were desktops, and how many were servers that wouldn't be affected by =
the change.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">-Bill</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">On Jan 12, 2009, at 6:07 PM, =
Jonathon Weiss wrote:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; =
"><BR></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Hi Bill,</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I =
actually had a similar conversation with Laxmi this afternoon when =
I</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: =
0px; margin-left: 0px; ">ran into her.<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>I dredged up some of our old =
research and came up with:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Assume 25W/monitor savings =
(conservative)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Assume 1000 workstations =
(actually 956 according to Dec. stats)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Assume =
10 sleeping hours per day (conservative)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Assume =
365 days per year :-)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Estimated power savings: =
91.25MWh</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Using Laxmi's (conservative) =
blended average cost to MIT of $0.11/kWh</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Estimated cost savings: $10037.05/year</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Of course, we =
really only have 1-2 significant digits, but we can</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">reasonably say $10K/year!</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Even if =
we go with 950 workstations (which I don't think is strictly</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">required, since we wen't conservative on every other =
number there) it</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">ends up at $9500/year, and cover =
85MWh.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-tab-span" =
style=3D"white-space:pre"> </SPAN>Jonathon</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE =
type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Robyn,</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Thanks =
for the chat today, and for offering to help to get the word</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">out.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>Here is a first draft of everything that could be said.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Perhaps you can suggest some amendments to say it =
more succinctly.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">---- Begin draft ----</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">On Tuesday =
January 13, 2009, Athena on Linux and Solaris enabled</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">power save mode on its video monitors.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Historically, Athena never shut off the video display. A screen =
saver</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">with the Athena logo enabled an =
operator to identify dead machines</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">just by =
glancing into the room. A blank screen meant a broken</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">system.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>When power saving became standard practice, Athena =
disabled</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">the power save feature, fearing =
that people would be too used the</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Athena =
convention, "blank monitor means dead Athena Workstation".</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The =
power consumed even by a low power LCD display is significant:</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">We expect to save in excess of 75 MegaWattHours of =
electricity per</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">year.<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>(25 watts per monitor, 10 =
hours idle time, 900 systems, 365</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">days.)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">We hope that Athena users will realize that a blank =
Athena screen no</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">longer means a broken computer, =
but instead means Athena has finally</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">"gotten with =
the program" -- that our monitors behave like standard</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">monitors and may need a move of the mouse or the =
strike of a key to</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">wake up.</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">---- End =
Draft ----</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">-Bill</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">----</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Important: IS&T IT staff will *NEVER* ask you =
for your password, nor</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">will MIT send you email =
requesting your password information. Please</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">continue to ignore any email messages that claim to =
require you to</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">provide such =
information.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">----</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">William =
Cattey</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Linux Platform =
Coordinator</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">MIT Information Services & =
Technology</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">N42-040M, 617-253-0140, <A =
href=3D"mailto:wdc@mit.edu">wdc@mit.edu</A></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top:=
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A =
href=3D"http://web.mit.edu/wdc/www/">http://web.mit.edu/wdc/www/</A></DIV>=
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">--</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Robyn Fizz</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">News Coordinator</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">MIT =
Information Services and Technology (IS&T)</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">N42-290B</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Phone:<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>617 253-0540</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Fax:<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>617 258-6875</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; =
"><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Important! Do not give out your =
passwords!</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">IS&T will *never* ask for =
passwords or other personal information via =
email.<AthenaScreenSaver2009.doc></DIV> =
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; =
"><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">--<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</SPAN></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Robyn =
Fizz</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">News Coordinator</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">MIT Information Services and Technology =
(IS&T)</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">N42-290B</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Phone:<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 =
</SPAN>617 253-0540</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Fax:<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>617 258-6875</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Important! Do not give out your passwords!</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">IS&T will *never* ask for passwords or other =
personal information via email.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV> <SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Palatino; =
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; =
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; =
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Palatino; =
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; =
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; =
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Palatino; =
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; =
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; =
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Palatino; =
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; =
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; =
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Palatino; =
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: =
normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; =
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; =
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; =
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; =
color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: =
Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: =
rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; =
"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; ">Laxmi =
Rao</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><BR style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "></SPAN></FONT><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; =
color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: =
Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: =
rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; =
"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; ">IT Energy =
Co-ordinator</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; =
color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: =
Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: =
rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; =
"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; ">Information Services =
and Technology</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; =
color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><BR =
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "></SPAN></FONT><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"4"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; color: rgb(0, =
25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span"=
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: =
rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; =
"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: =
Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; ">Massachusetts Institute of =
Technology</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; =
color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><BR =
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "></SPAN></FONT><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#001974" face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"4"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13.3px;; color: rgb(0, =
25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span"=
style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; =
font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: =
rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; =
"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); =
font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 13.3px; "><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 25, 116); font-family: =
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