[97010] in tlhIngan-Hol
[Tlhingan-hol] Story: ghuv = The Recruit - 5
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Robyn Stewart)
Fri Aug 23 14:04:54 2013
From: "Robyn Stewart" <robyn@flyingstart.ca>
To: "tlhIngan Hol mailing list" <tlhIngan-Hol@kli.org>
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2013 11:04:26 -0700
Errors-To: tlhingan-hol-bounces@kli.org
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This is a short story which I am dissecting a few sentences at a time with a
blunt 'aqnaw, in the attempt to help people learn Klingon, to fine tune my
own ability, or possibly just for the attention. Hey everybody, wave at
Qov!
So far, Torg has entered basic training in the Klingon military.
wa'vatlh chorghmaH wej qelI'qammey ghoS, DaSmeyvetlh tuQtaHvIS 'ej may'luch
qengtaHvIS. Qatlh qeqmeH Qu'mey. nIvbe' torgh. pIj vaqlu'. 'ach Qap 'ej not
bep. DIb 'oH toy'meH 'eb'e'.
First sentence: wa'vatlh chorghmaH wej qelI'qammey ghoS, DaSmeyvetlh
tuQtaHvIS 'ej may'luch qengtaHvIS.
wa' = one
-vatlh = hundred
chorgh = eight
-maH = ten (plays the same role as the -ty in English "eighty")
wej = three (the "not yet" interpretation is off the table as it's clearly
part of a number, right? Also if it were acting adjectivally, the number
before it would have no role in the sentence. To go before an adverb, a noun
needs to either be a timestamp or have an N5 suffix. If there's an exception
to this, it doesn't occur to me now.)
qelI'qam = kellikam - a Klingon measure of distance about equal to two
kilometres
ghoS = proceed, go, come, follow a course
"He proceeded one hundred eighty-three kellikams, ..." or more
colloquially, "He went three hundred seventy kilometres ..."
DaSmey = you know this one
-vetlh = N4 those, that
tuQ = wear
-taH = V7 continuous - I think I told you to remember this one already
-vIS = V9 - while - You're responsible for recognizing the -taHvIS combo
now.
"...while he was wearing those boots, ..."
'ej = and, joining sentences - remember it
may'luch = battle gear
qeng = carry
-taHvIS = you know
"... and while he was carrying battle gear."
Qatlh qeqmeH Qu'mey.
Qatlh = be difficult
qeq = train
Qu' = task, mission
Qatlh is before the noun, so it's not a descriptor, but the main verb.
Notice that qeqmeH Qu'mey is last, so qeqmeH is definitely a descriptor of
Qu'mey and not a purpose clause. qeqmeH Qu'mey is the subject of the
sentence
"The training tasks are difficult."
Next: nIvbe' torgh.
A very simple be-verb sentence with negation.
nIv = be superior
"Torg was not superior."
Next: pIj vaqlu'.
pIj = often
vaq = mock
-lu' = V5 - indefinite subject - time to remember this one
"Someone, (non-specific, not important to the idea) frequently mocks him."
or "He is often mocked." or "He gets mocked a lot."
'ach Qap 'ej not bep.
'ach = but, however
Qap = succeed
not = never
bep = complain
"But he succeeds and never complains."
DIb 'oH toy'meH 'eb'e'.
DIb = privilege
'oH = it
toy' = serve
'eb = opportunity
-'e' = N5 topic marker
This is a special construction from TKD 6.3. If you want to say that one
noun "is" another noun, you need to use a pronoun appropriate to both nouns,
in this case 'oH = it. You put the pronoun between the two nouns as though
the pronoun were the verb to be, (e.g. "is") and then you put the topic
marker on the second one. In this case the second "noun" is the noun phrase
<toy'meH 'eb> = opportunity to serve.
DIb 'oH = It is a privilege.
DIb 'oH toy'meH 'eb'e'. = The opportunity to serve is a privilege.
- Qov
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<TITLE>Story: ghuv =3D The Recruit - 5</TITLE>
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<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">This is =
a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> =
short</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">story =
which I am dissecting</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">a few sentences at a time</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">with a blunt =
‘aqnaw</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> in the attempt to help people learn =
Klingon,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">to =
fine tune my own ability,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">or possibly just for the =
attention. </FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Hey everybody,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">wave</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> at Qov!</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">So =
far,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Torg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">has entered</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> basic training in the Klingon =
military.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">wa'vatlh =
chorghmaH wej qelI'qammey ghoS, DaSmeyvetlh tuQtaHvIS 'ej may'luch =
qengtaHvIS. Qatlh qeqmeH Qu'mey. nIvbe' torgh. pIj vaqlu'. 'ach Qap 'ej =
not bep. DIb 'oH toy'meH 'eb'e'. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">First sentence: =
wa'vatlh chorghmaH wej qelI'qammey ghoS, DaSmeyvetlh tuQtaHvIS 'ej =
may'luch qengtaHvIS.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">wa’ =3D =
one<BR>
-vatlh =3D hundred<BR>
chorgh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> =3D =
eight<BR>
-maH =3D ten</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> =
(plays the same role as the –ty in English</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">“eighty”)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"></FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><BR>
<FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">wej =3D three (the “not yet” =
interpretation is off the table as it’s clearly part of a number, =
right?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> Also if =
it wer</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">e</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> acting adjectivally, the number before it would have =
no role in the sentence. To go before an adverb, a noun needs to either =
be a timestamp or have an N5 suffix. I</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">f there’s an exception to =
this, it doesn’t occur to me now.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">)<BR>
qelI’qam =3D kellikam – a</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> =
<FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">K</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">lingon measure of distance about equal to two =
kilometres<BR>
ghoS =3D proceed, go, come, follow a course</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“He =
proceeded one hundred eighty-three kellikams, =
...”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> or more colloquially, “He went three =
hundred</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">seventy kilometres ...”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DaSmey =3D you =
know this one<BR>
-vetlh =3D N4 those, that<BR>
tuQ =3D wear<BR>
-taH =3D V7 continuous – I think I told you to remember this one =
already<BR>
-vIS =3D V9 – while – You’re responsible for =
recognizing the –taHvIS combo now.<BR>
<BR>
“...while he was wearing those boots, ...”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">‘ej =3D =
and, joining sentences – remember it<BR>
may’luch =3D battle gear<BR>
qeng =3D carry<BR>
-taHvIS =3D you know<BR>
<BR>
“... and while he was carrying battle =
gear.”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Qatlh qeqmeH =
Qu'mey.<BR>
</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Qatlh =3D be =
difficult<BR>
qeq =3D train<BR>
Qu’ =3D task, mission</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Qatlh is before =
the noun, so it’s not</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">a descriptor, but the main verb.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Notice that qeqmeH Qu’mey =
is last, so qeqmeH is definitely a descriptor of Qu’mey and not a =
purpose clause.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">qeqmeH Qu’mey is the subject of the =
sentence</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“The =
training tasks are difficult.” </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Next:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">nIvbe' torgh.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> =
</SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">A very simple =
be-verb sentence with negation. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">nIv =3D be =
superior</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“Torg was =
not superior.” </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Next:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">pIj vaqlu'.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">pIj =3D =
often<BR>
vaq =3D mock<BR>
-lu’ =3D V5 – indefinite subject – time to remember =
this one</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Someone,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">non-specific,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> not important to the idea) frequently mocks =
him.” or</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">“He is often mocked.” or “He gets =
mocked a lot.” </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">'ach Qap 'ej =
not bep.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><BR>
<FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">‘ach =3D but, however<BR>
Qap =3D succeed<BR>
not =3D never<BR>
bep =3D complain</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“But he =
succeeds and never complains.”<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DIb 'oH =
toy'meH 'eb'e'.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> </SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DIb =3D =
privilege<BR>
‘oH =3D it<BR>
toy’ =3D serve<BR>
‘eb =3D opportunity<BR>
-‘e’ =3D N5 topic marker</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">This is a =
special construction from TKD 6.3. If you want to say that one noun =
“is” another noun, you need to use a pronoun appropriate to =
both nouns, in this case ‘oH =3D it. You put the pronoun between =
the two nouns as though the pronoun were the verb to =
be,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> (e.g. =
“is”)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> and then you put the topic marker on the second =
one. In this case the second “noun” is the noun phrase =
<toy’meH ‘eb> =3D opportunity to serve. =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DIb ‘oH =
=3D It</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> =
i</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">s a =
privilege.<BR>
DIb ‘oH toy’meH ‘eb’e’. =3D The =
opportunity to serve is a privilege.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">- </FONT></SPAN><SPAN=
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Qov</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
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