[97004] in tlhIngan-Hol
[Tlhingan-hol] Story: ghuv = The Recruit - 4
daemon@ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Robyn Stewart)
Thu Aug 22 21:17:19 2013
From: "Robyn Stewart" <robyn@flyingstart.ca>
To: "tlhIngan Hol mailing list" <tlhIngan-Hol@kli.org>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2013 18:16:33 -0700
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In which Qov continues to explain her story as if you a) cared and b) had
only bought your copy of the Klingon Dictionary yesterday.
Protagonist Torg just underwent a medical exam in order to join the Klingon
army.
torgh laj tlhIngan wo' QI'. ghaHvaD DaSmey, HIp je nob. not rurbogh DaSmey
tuQmoHpu' torgh. luHemmoH bochbogh DIr qIj, DaSpu'mey jej je. mang mojmeH
torgh, qeqqu' net raD.
torgh laj tlhIngan wo' QI'.
laj = accept (v) or acceptance (n) - but this is the only possibility for
the verb in this sentence, so it has to be the latter.
tlhIngan = Klingon - you'd better know this one
wo' = empire
QI' = military
A simple OVS sentence.
Object = torgh
Verb = laj
Subject = tlhIngan wo' QI' - Klingon empire military
"The Klingon Imperial Military accepts Torg."
Next: ghaHvaD DaSmey, HIp je nob.
ghaH = he/she/him/her
-vaD = N5 - marks the noun as the beneficiary of the verb
DaS = boot
-mey = I told you to remember this one.
HIp = uniform
je = and, joining nouns
nob = give
The verb is nob, and there's nothing after it, so while the zero-suffix
indicates a third person subject the exact subject must be inferred. The
subject of the previous sentence was tlhIngan wo' QI' - the Klingon Imperial
Military, and the object is DaSmey, HIp je - "boots and a uniform" so that
makes sense. Finally, the first word of the sentence says that ghaH is the
beneficiary of this. In Klingon <tlhIngan wo' QI'> would grammatically be an
"it" but in English we'd call the military "they" in a sentence like this,
hence, "They gave him boots and a uniform."
not rurbogh DaSmey tuQmoHpu' torgh.
not = never
rur = resemble
-bogh = V9 relative clause marker
DaSmey = remember from the previous sentence?
tuQ = wear
-moH = V4 cause - tuQmoH - put on (clothing)
-pu' = V7 perfective (time to remember this one)
I've used the perfective here because otherwise I would be saying that he
never wears boots like these, which wouldn't make sense, because now he is
wearing them.
Subject: torgh
Verb: tuQmoH
Object: rurbogh DaSmey - boots which resemble
As the subject of rur is plural and there is a null prefix, the object must
also be plural, as a singular object requires the lu- prefix when there is a
plural subject.
"Torg had never put on boots that resembled them." or "Torg had never donned
such boots."
Next: luHemmoH bochbogh DIr qIj, DaSpu'mey jej je.
lu- = verb prefix 3rd person plural subject - 3rd person singular object
Hem = be proud
-moH = V4 cause
boch = shine, be shiny
-bogh = V9 relative clause marker
DIr = skin
qIj = be black
DaSpu' = boot spike - and you're supposed to know what -mey means by now.
jej = be sharp
je = and, joining nouns - learn this one now.
luHemmoH = [some plural thing] makes him proud
bochbogh DIr = skin which shines
DIr qIj = black skin
bochbogh Dir qIj = the shiny black skin - i.e. leather
DaSpu'mey jej = sharp bootspikes
"The shiny black leather and sharp boot spikes made him proud."
Last sentence: mang mojmeH torgh, qeqqu' net raD.
mang = soldier
moj = become
-meH = I told you to remember this one.
qeq = drill, train
-qu' = verb emphasis (remember this one)
net = pronoun indicating that the previous sentence is the object of the
next verb, which has an indefinite subject.
raD = force, compel
"In order for Torg to become a soldier, he was forced to train very hard."
-Qov
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<TITLE>Story: ghuv =3D The Recruit - 4</TITLE>
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<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">In which Qov =
continues to explain her story</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> as if you a) cared and b) had only bought your copy of =
the Klingon Dictionary yesterday.<BR>
<BR>
Protagonist Torg just underwent a medical exam in order to join the =
Klingon army.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">torgh laj =
tlhIngan wo' QI'. ghaHvaD DaSmey, HIp je nob. not rurbogh DaSmey =
tuQmoHpu' torgh. luHemmoH bochbogh DIr qIj, DaSpu'mey jej je. mang =
mojmeH torgh, qeqqu' net raD.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">torgh laj =
tlhIngan wo' QI'.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">laj =3D accept =
(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">v</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">) or acceptance (</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">n</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> - but this is the only =
possibility for the verb in this sentence, so it has to be the =
latter.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">tlhIngan =3D =
Klingon – you’d better know this one</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">wo’ =3D =
empire</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">QI’ =3D =
military</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"> </SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">A simple OVS =
sentence. </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Object =3D =
torgh</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Verb =3D =
laj</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Subject =3D =
tlhIngan wo’ QI’ – Klingon empire military =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“The =
Klingon Imperial Military accepts Torg.”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Next:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">ghaHvaD DaSmey, HIp je nob.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">ghaH =3D =
he/she/him/her</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-vaD =3D N5 =
– marks the noun as the beneficiary of the verb</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DaS =3D =
boot</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-mey =3D =
I told you to remember this one.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">HIp =3D =
uniform</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">je =3D and, =
joining nouns</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">nob =3D =
give</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">The verb is =
nob, and there’s nothing after it, so while the zero-suffix =
indicates a third person subject the exact subject must be inferred. The =
subject of the previous sentence was tlhIngan wo’ QI’ =
– the Klingon Imperial Military, and the object is DaSmey, HIp je =
– “boots and a uniform” so that makes sense. Finally, =
the first word of the sentence says that ghaH is the beneficiary of =
this. In Klingon <tlhIngan wo’ QI’> would =
grammatically be an “it” but in English we’d call the =
military “they” in a sentence like this, hence, “They =
gave him boots and a uniform.”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">not rurbogh =
DaSmey tuQmoHpu' torgh.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">not =3D =
never</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">rur =3D =
resemble<BR>
-bogh =3D V9 relative clause marker</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DaSmey =3D =
remember from the previous sentence?</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">tuQ =3D =
wear</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-moH =3D V4 =
cause – tuQmoH – put on (clothing)<BR>
-pu’ =3D V7 perfective (time to remember this =
one)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">I’ve used =
the perfective here because otherwise I would be saying that he never =
wears boots like these,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> which wouldn’t make sense, =
because</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> now he =
is wearing them.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Subject:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">torgh</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Verb: tuQmoH =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Object: rurbogh =
DaSmey – boots which resemble </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">As the subject =
of rur is plural and there is a null prefix, the object must also be =
plural, as a singular object requires the lu- prefix when there is a =
plural subject.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“Torg had =
never put on boots that resembled them.” or “Torg had never =
donned such boots.”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">Next:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">luHemmoH bochbogh DIr qIj, DaSpu'mey jej =
je.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">lu- =3D verb =
prefix 3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><SUP><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">rd</FONT></SUP></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri"> person plural subject – 3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><SUP><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">rd</FONT></SUP></SPAN><SPAN =
LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> person singular =
object</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Hem =3D be =
proud</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-moH =3D V4 =
cause</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">boch =3D shine, =
be shiny</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-bogh =3D V9 =
relative clause marker</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DIr =3D =
skin</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">qIj =3D be =
black</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DaSpu’ =
=3D boot spike – and you’re supposed to know what –mey =
means by now.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">jej =3D be =
sharp</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">je =3D and, =
joining nouns – learn this one now.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">luHemmoH =3D =
[some plural thing] makes him proud</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">bochbogh DIr =
=3D skin which shines</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DIr qIj =3D =
black skin</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">bochbogh Dir =
qIj =3D the shiny black skin – i.e. leather</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">DaSpu’mey =
jej =3D sharp bootspikes</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri"> =
</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“The =
shiny black leather and sharp boot spikes made him =
proud.”</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">Last =
sentence:</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"> <FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">mang =
mojmeH torgh, qeqqu' net raD.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">mang =3D =
soldier</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">moj =3D =
become</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-meH =3D I told =
you to remember this one.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">qeq =3D drill, =
train</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">-qu’ =3D =
verb emphasis (remember this one)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">net =3D pronoun =
indicating that the previous sentence is the object of the next verb, =
which has an indefinite subject.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">raD =3D force, =
compel</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT FACE=3D"Calibri">“In order =
for Torg to become a soldier, he was forced to train very =
hard.”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
<P DIR=3DLTR><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"><FONT =
FACE=3D"Calibri">-Qov</FONT></SPAN><SPAN LANG=3D"en-ca"></SPAN></P>
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